Summative Assessments

Summative assessments argon used by educators to assess military action of students at the end of an instructional unit or at the end of a course. Results of summative assessments are used for quadruple purposes: assigning grades, promoting students, determining to which degree objectives have been mastered, and more recently, evaluating the brawny point of instruction and certifying schools (Miller, Linn & Gronlund, 2009). There are several instruments that are effective for summative create verbally assessments: portfolios, twofold picking tests, and holistic paper. In fact, the Council on College Composition and Communication raises in Writing judgement: A Position Statement (National of Teachers of English, 2006) that multiple measures of assessment should be used to ensure that a innovation of skills in several(a) contexts are represented, thus reflecting a realistic diorama of students ability. legion(predicate) areas, including Virginia, use both ho listic and multiple choice writing assessments to measure student writing achievement. Other states such as tonic York use portfolios, especially in primary grades.

Valencia (1990) and Wiggins (1989) state that portfolio assessments have multiple benefits which include focused student statement goals, opportunities for reflection, and accommodations for multiple learning styles (Supovitz, Macgowan & Slattery, 1997). Moreover, Miller and Legg (1993) state that portfolios present a picture of students progress and provide evidence of their abilities (Supovitz, Macgowan & Slattery, 1997). Portfolios usefulnes s extends beyond the classroom. Portfolios! are often used for college admission and calling job (Miller, Linn & Gronlund, 2009). These performance-based assessments provide samples of students work and can be taken from assignments. However, the interrater dependability of portfolios has been questioned. The Rochester City School District, an urban district in Rochester, rising York, made portfolios mandatory in 1987 to address...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

If you want to get a full essay, visit our page: write my paper