The Rosetta Stone Essay -- Hieroglyphs Egyptian Writing System Essays

The Rosetta Stone In 1799, when Napoleons army was dismantling a wall in Rashid, Egypt, they discovered the Rosetta Stone. brusk did they know that this 11-inch thick piece of rock would be one of the greatest discoveries in history It contained Egyptian scripture, with Greek also on the stone. This was used to trace the once lost Egyptian committal to writing system. Before the 1800s, attempts at trying to uncover the secrets held by the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics found on walls inside legion(predicate) tombs were useless. The pictures were falsely believed to be symbolic, representing some sort of object or idea. Something soon changed all of this misconception. 1799 was the year of a great breakthrough in Egyptology. French troops, downstairs Napoleons command, were destroying a wall when they found a black, basalt stone. The stone was inscribed with three different operates of writing Egyptian hieroglyphics, a shorthand form of hieroglyphs, and Greek written in 196 BC. The Rosetta Stone then became instrumental in decrypting the long forgotten Egyptian writing system. The stone was first discovered nearly Rosetta, Egypt, by one of Napoleons soldiers, named variously as Bouchard, during his expedition to Egypt in August of 1799. In no time, this discovery was mentioned to all the top scholars who were immensely interested since in that location was no way to decode the hieroglyphs. In 1802, Johan David Akerblad was the first to break ground in identifying the first demotic symbols. He identified a few of the appropriate names in the demotic text, after comparing them with the same names found in the Greek text. (Ogg 78) Next on the scene was Thomas Young, an side of meat physicist, who took an interest to the deciphering the Rosetta Stone as well. After much researching, Young was able to prove that the proper names in the hieroglyphics section of the stone did in point have phonetic value, and were not made up of symbols. He then introduced t he idea of the proper names being written with ovals around them, known as cartouches. In reality, the hieroglyphs only contained six. Of the phonetic values that he assigned to hieroglyphs, five were correct (p, t, i, n, and f). (Budge 54) In 1814, he revealed the way in which the hieroglyphic signs were to be articulate by studying the direction in which the birds and other animals were all facing. He also was able to correctly identify some single-consonant... ...y death due to a stroke. The whereabouts of the Rosetta Stone today is the British Museum, in London. Without this old, black, basalt rock, we may never have deciphered the ancient egyptian scriptures. Still, there are many other writing systems of numerous lost civilizations that have yet to be deciphered. Until then, we can only make well thought inferences, and educated guesses until the next Rosetta Stone is unearthed. Works Cited 1. Budge, Sir E.A. Wallis. Egyptian Language- Easy Lessons in Egyptian Hieroglyphs. N ew York Dover Publications Inc., 1991. 2. Ogg, Oscar. The 26 Letters. New York Thomas C. Crowell Company, 1962. 3. Claiborne, Robert. The Birth of Writing. New York Time Inc., 1974. 4. Andrews, Carol. The British Museum Book of The Rosetta Stone. New York cock Bedrick Books, 1985. 5. Giblin, James Cross. The Riddle of the Rosetta Stone - Key to Ancient Egypt. New York Harper & Row Publishers,1990. 6. Frimmer, Steven. The Stone That Spoke- and other clues to the decipherment of lost languages. Toronto, Canada Longmans Canada Limited, 1969. 7. Jean, Georges. Writing- The Story of Alphabets and Scripts. New York call forth N. Abrams, Inc., 1992.

Analysis of The Birth Mark Essay examples -- The Birth Mark Essays

In The Birthmark the relationships and behaviors of the character reveal such(prenominal) more than the level itself does. The characters of Aylmer, Georgian, Amenidab and personality itself, through their words, actions, and behaviors give insight into a much more meaningful study. A deeper analysis of the characters reveals that they atomic number 18 archetypes, and as archetypes they provide a deeper hidden meaning to the story. By looking at Aylmer, Georgiana, Amenidab and Natures relationships and actions throughout the story we can see how they are used to give deeper significance.The character of Aylmer can be seen as a sinister, mad scientist who constantly fights with character in hostelry to attain human perfection. From the beginning of the story Aylmers fight with nature can be seen. We know not whether Aylmer possessed this degree of faith in mans ultimate control over nature. He had devoted himself, however, too unreservedly to scientific studies ever to be weakened from them by whatsoever second passion (Hawthorne 218). This shows Aylmers passion in trying to discover the secrets of nature and being able to master it. Aylmers obsession with perfection and defying nature can be seen again when he is discussing the mark on Georgianas cheek. No, dearest Georgiana, you came so nearly perfect from the hand of Nature, that this slightest possible defect, which we hesitate whether to consideration a defect or a beauty, shocks me, as being the visible mark of earthly imperfection (Hawthorne 219). This shows Aylmer is not trying to remove the mark as an act of love, but instead trying to remove the mark because it symbolizes a stain of imperfection by nature. Aylmer is obsessed in his efforts to remove the mark and his motivations are not to make Ge... ...eard again Thus ever does the gross fatality of earth exult in its invariable triumph over the immortal sum of money which, in this dim sphere of half-development, demands the compl eteness of a higher state (Hawthorne 231). This laughter appears to come from no one in the room but rather Nature itself. Nature is laughing at Aylmer in his attempt to try and overpower it and create his own form of perfection. Since the hand on Georgianas face is viewed as Natures touch on her, it is not difficult to view Nature as an actual character in the story. After a deeper analysis of the characters in the story The Birthmark it is easy to see there are multiple hidden meanings throughout. The characteristics and actions of Aylmer, Georgiana, Amenidab and Nature help us to see deeper into the characters and see their true motivations and meanings in the story.

Peer Pressure and Drinking Essay -- Peer Pressure Essays

When the majority of us imagine what our college years should consist of, we see fun, friends, and frequent parties. Its hardly natural considering all the hype that music, movies, and popular television shows portray. Singer Asher Roth describes what one should typically experience throughout his infamous single I Love College. Apparently, we should erect dance, get each other naked, drink, and smoke thence pass out at 3, wake up at 10, go out to eat then do it again. ABC Familys hit series, Greek, produced an episode where all the fraternities and sororities were forced to comply with an alcohol ban during the campus Dry Weekend. All these students could do was whine and complain about how boring their lives would be for the next 48 hours.It is important to keep in mind that your friends probably cant see past the assort of what theyre conditioned to believe college is all about. Theyre under the fabricated impression that theres a status quo to maintain and the only elbow roo m to uphold this expectation is through Flip Cup and Power Hour. When you dont want to submerge y...

The Oppression of Women Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper -- The Yellow W

The Oppression of Women Exposed in The discolour Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman is remembered today mainly for her feminist work The Yellow Wallpaper. It dramatizes her life and her experience with Dr. S. Weir Mitchells straight infamous rest cure. Commonly prescribed for women suffering from hysteria, the rest cure altogether forbade company, art, writing, or any other form of happy stimulation. When Mitchell prescribed this for Gilman, he told her to live a domestic life as far as possible, to have but two hours intellectual life a day, and never to touch pen, brush or pencil again as long as I lived (Why I Wrote . . . n.p.). It nearly drove her insane. She began to rule only when she returned to her art and writing, and subsequently wrote The Yellow Wallpaper to quick others to the perils of the rest cure and its attempt to stifle creativity. It raises the question, stated by Conrad Shumaker, What happens to the imagination when its defined as feminine (and thus weak) a nd has to face a society that determine the useful and the practical and rejects anything else as nonsense? (590). The answer provided by Gilman is that it becomes uncontrollable and has the potential to end a persons sanity. In The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator suffers from postpartum depression, diagnosed by her husband John as hysteria. He recommends the rest cure for her and arranges for them to spend the summer in a country mansion. Although his wife wants to take a down the stairs room which opens out into the garden, John forces her to live upstairs in a nursery with nix windows and hideous yellow wallpaper. She is not permitted to write, except for a daybook which she keeps surreptitiously, an... ...William Day, and Sandra Waller. New York Addison Wesley Longman, 1997. 299-312. Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper. The Forerunner October 1913 n.p. Golden, Catherine. The Writing of The Yellow Wallpaper A reiterate Palimpsest. Studies in American Fiction 17 (1989) 198-2 01. Johnson, Greg. Gilmans Gothic metaphor Rage and Redemption in The Yellow Wallpaper. Studies in Short Fiction 26 (1989) 521-30. Kasmer, Lisa Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper A Symptomatic Reading. literature and Psychology 36.3 (1990) 1-15. MacPike, Loralee. Environment as Psychopathological Symbolism in The Yellow Wallpaper. American Literary Realism 8 (1975) 286-88. Shumaker, Conrad. to a fault Terribly Good to be Printed Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. American Literature 57 (1985) 588-99. The Oppression of Women Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper -- The Yellow WThe Oppression of Women Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman is remembered today principally for her feminist work The Yellow Wallpaper. It dramatizes her life and her experience with Dr. S. Weir Mitchells now infamous rest cure. Commonly prescribed for women suffering from hysteria, the rest cure altogether forbade company, art, writing, or any oth er form of intellectual stimulation. When Mitchell prescribed this for Gilman, he told her to live a domestic life as far as possible, to have but two hours intellectual life a day, and never to touch pen, brush or pencil again as long as I lived (Why I Wrote . . . n.p.). It nearly drove her insane. She began to recover only when she returned to her art and writing, and subsequently wrote The Yellow Wallpaper to alert others to the perils of the rest cure and its attempt to stifle creativity. It raises the question, stated by Conrad Shumaker, What happens to the imagination when its defined as feminine (and thus weak) and has to face a society that values the useful and the practical and rejects anything else as nonsense? (590). The answer provided by Gilman is that it becomes uncontrollable and has the potential to destroy a persons sanity. In The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator suffers from postpartum depression, diagnosed by her husband John as hysteria. He recommends the rest cu re for her and arranges for them to spend the summer in a country mansion. Although his wife wants to take a downstairs room which opens out into the garden, John forces her to live upstairs in a nursery with barred windows and hideous yellow wallpaper. She is not permitted to write, except for a journal which she keeps surreptitiously, an... ...William Day, and Sandra Waller. New York Addison Wesley Longman, 1997. 299-312. Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper. The Forerunner October 1913 n.p. Golden, Catherine. The Writing of The Yellow Wallpaper A Double Palimpsest. Studies in American Fiction 17 (1989) 198-201. Johnson, Greg. Gilmans Gothic Allegory Rage and Redemption in The Yellow Wallpaper. Studies in Short Fiction 26 (1989) 521-30. Kasmer, Lisa Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper A Symptomatic Reading. Literature and Psychology 36.3 (1990) 1-15. MacPike, Loralee. Environment as Psychopathological Symbolism in The Yellow Wallpaper. American Literary Realism 8 (197 5) 286-88. Shumaker, Conrad. Too Terribly Good to be Printed Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. American Literature 57 (1985) 588-99.

George Frederic Handel :: essays research papers

George Frideric HandelGeorge Frideric Handel was one of the sterling(prenominal) composers of the late baroque period (1700-1750) and, during his lifetime, perhaps the most internationally famous of all musicians. Handel was born February 24, 1685, in Halle, Germany, to a family of no musical background. His own musical talent, however, began to show before his tenth birthday. He received lessons from a local organist, the only musical cultivation he would ever have. His first job was as church organist in Halle. In 1703 he traveled to Hamburg, Germany. It was here, in 1704, he composed his first opera, Almira. afterwards achieving great success he soon felt the urge to move on to Italy, the birthplace of operatic style. He first stopped at Florence in the fall of 1706. Later on in the spring and summer of 1707 and 1708 he went to Rome, and in the late spring of 1707 he made a trip to Naples. In Italy Handel composed operas, oratorios, and many secular cantatas he ended his Itali an trip with the spectacular success of his fifth opera, Agrippina (1709), in Venice.Other Composers of George Frideric Handels Time live was a German organist and composer of the baroque era, one of the greatest and most productive geniuses in the history of Western music. In 1756 Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria. One of the greatest composers in Western music tradition, Mozart began composing at age five. By the time he was 13, he had written sonatas, operettas, and symphonies. His works include The Marriage of Figaro , enter Giovanni, and The Magic Flute. van Beethoven was one of the worlds greatest composers was born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, Beethoven began to lose his hearing in 1802. By 1817 he was totally deaf. Beethoven wrote classical pieces greater than anyone else of his time like his third Symphony, Eroica and his Ninth Symphony. The Ninth Symphony, composed in 1824, begins with void music which may have originated in the placidity and gloom of Beethovens own dea fness, but the symphony then explodes with a wonderful array of sounds. One of the most beautiful pieces of music ever composed. Arts and architecture The Taj Mahal in India was completed in 1648.

George Frederic Handel :: essays research papers

George Frideric HandelGeorge Frideric Handel was one of the greatest composers of the late baroque period (1700-1750) and, during his lifetime, perhaps the most internationally famous of all musicians. Handel was born February 24, 1685, in Halle, Ger legion(predicate), to a family of no musical background. His accept musical talent, howalways, began to show before his tenth birthday. He received lessons from a local organist, the only musical instruction he would ever have. His first job was as church organist in Halle. In 1703 he traveled to Hamburg, Germany. It was here, in 1704, he composed his first opera, Almira. After achieving great succeeder he soon felt the urge to move on to Italy, the birthplace of operatic style. He first stopped at Florence in the fall of 1706. posterior on in the spring and summer of 1707 and 1708 he went to Rome, and in the late spring of 1707 he made a trip to Naples. In Italy Handel composed operas, oratorios, and many secular cantatas he ended h is Italian trip with the spectacular success of his fifth opera, Agrippina (1709), in Venice.Other Composers of George Frideric Handels TimeBach was a German organist and composer of the baroque era, one of the greatest and most productive geniuses in the history of occidental music. In 1756 Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria. One of the greatest composers in Western music tradition, Mozart began composing at age five. By the time he was 13, he had written sonatas, operettas, and symphonies. His works include The Marriage of Figaro , Don Giovanni, and The Magic Flute. van Beethoven was one of the worlds greatest composers was born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, Beethoven began to lose his hearing in 1802. By 1817 he was totally deaf. Beethoven wrote classical pieces greater than anyone else of his time like his third Symphony, Eroica and his Ninth Symphony. The Ninth Symphony, composed in 1824, begins with void music which may have originated in the silence and gloom of Beethovens ow n deafness, but the symphony then explodes with a wonderful array of sounds. One of the most beautiful pieces of music ever composed. Arts and Architecture The Taj Mahal in India was terminate in 1648.

Chemical Kinetics Lab Raport Paper

FE 106 GENERAL CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT-3 CHEMICAL KINETICS PREPARED BY BURAK COBAN PURPOSE In this experiment we depart study the enume ordinate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to form type O according to the net equation 2 water2 (aq) 2H2O(l) + O2 by measuring the rate at which atomic number 8 evolved, we exit investigate how the rate changes with varying initial concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and iodide catalyst. After we will study the affect of changing its concentration the rate oxygen evolution.At the end of experiment we will summarize our results by attempting to write a rate law for the reception, showing the defences on the concentrations of H2O2 and I. THEORY Chemical chemical answers croup be fast (think of any explosion ) or slow . It is very important to understand what is affecting the rate of the reaction and what is the mechanism of the reaction with such knowledge, we can often control a reaction to proceed at just the speed we need. we can thus avoid an explosion or speed up a reaction that seems too slow. In this chapter we start out by discussing rates of reactions and the rate law.The rate law indicates the affect that the concentration of the reactants has on the reaction rate. In general, adding more of a reactant speeds things up (rather like pushing the gas pedal to put more gas into the car engine ). But how much faster is the reaction if order the concentration of a reactant is doubled ? the rate law will help us answer such equations. Another delegacy to affect the rate of a reaction is to change the temperature. We refrigerate food to slow the rate of bacterial metabolism that can cause food to spoil. If we privation food to cook faster, we increase the heat.We also look at why some reactions seem to need a kick start, although once started, they continue to react. We will examine the activation barrier to reactions and its implications. Rate laws and kinetics experiments also tell us a lot about the mechanism by which a reaction occurs. Understanding the mechanism gives us another way to control the reaction. This knowledge enables us to design better catalyst or to create new compounds (such as new pharmaceuticals) that will be more effective. differential Rate Laws In many reactions, the rate of reactions changes as the reaction progresses.Initially the rate of reaction is relatively large, bit at very long times the rate of reaction decreases to zero. In order to characterize the kinetic behaviour of a reaction, it is desirable to determine how the rate of reaction varies as the reaction progresses. A rate law is a mathematical equation that describes the progress of the reaction. There are two forms of a rate law for chemical kinetics the derivative instrument rate law and the integrated rate law. The differential rate law relates the rate of the reaction to the concentrations of the various species in the system.Differential rate laws can take on many different forms, especially fo r complicated chemical reaction. However, most chemical reactions obey one of three differential rate laws. Each rate law contains a constant, k, called rate constant. The units for the rate constant depend upon the rate law, because the rate forever and a day has units of mole L-1 sec-1 and the concentration always has units of mole L-1. Zero Order Reaction For a zero order reaction, the rate of reaction is a constant. When the limiting reactant is completely consumed, the reaction abrupt stops. Differential rate law R=k The rate constant. k , has units of mole L-1 sec-1. First Order Reaction For first order reaction, the rate of reaction is at one time proportional to the concentration of ane of the reactants. Differential rate law R = kA The rate constant, k, has units of sec-1. Second Order Reaction For a second reaction, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the square of the concentration of one of the reactants. Differential rate law R = k A2 The rate constan t, k, has units of L-1 sec-1. MATERIALS ? Funnel, Florence flask, Beaker, Pipette ? Thermometer, ring stand, ? Distilled water 0,2M KI, H2O and H2O2 ? Burette, Rubber stopper, rubber tubes. PROCEDURE Part A ? 10 ml 0,2M KI and 15 ml distilled water was taken the flask. ? Flask was swirled until the solution comes to the lav temperature. ? After that 5 ml % 3 H2O2 was added quickly and stopper the flask. ? One of us swirled the flask in the bath, other one observed the change of the pile. ? different one recorded the time when approximately 2 ml of the gas was evolved. Part B ? Same experiment was done by using 10 ml of KI + 10 ml of H2O + 10 ml of H2O2 Part C ? Same experiment was done by using 20 ml of KI + 5 ml of H2O + 5 ml of H2O2DISCUSSION In this experiment, we discussed the rate of reactions. Reaction rate changed with kinds of reactant. For example in part A we put 10 ml KI and 15 ml distilled water an the other hand in part B we put 10 ml KI ,10 ml H2O and 10 ml H2O2. Af ter we determined. We saw that part A is slower than part B for this reason we can say rate is changed by nature of reactants. Another important effect is temperature. If temperature is high value reaction finish quickly. Maybe our results were effected temperature Because we put flask in heat water and rate of reaction is faster than low temperature. REFERENCES GENERAL CHEMISTRYPETRUCCI & HARWOOD = QUESTIONS = 1. Chemical kinetics is the study of the speeds, or rates, of the chemical reactions. A crushed number of factors control how fast a reaction will occur. Investigation of these factors provides clues to the ways in which reactants are transformed into products in chemical reactions. Some of the factors that form the rate of a reaction are ? Concentration ? Pressure (particularly for reactions involving gases) ? Temperature ? Surface area (for reactions involving solids) ? Catalyst 2. The rate of reaction R= 1/3*dA / dt = -1/2 *dB / dt =1/4* dC / dt = dD / dt . in this exper iment we will investigate concentration of substance according to the rate of reaction. The rate of reactions are effected temperature, pressure of gases, concentrations and volume when one of products appears or one of the reactant is wed up. 4. 50 ml 2 MA 20 ml water added 30 ml 4 MB Initial conc. Of A =M=n/V n= 0,05*2=0,1 mol A Initial conc. Of B M = n/V n= 0,03*0,12 mol B After mixing V total =100 ml = 0,1 L Final conc. Of A M= 0,1 / 0,1 = 1M A Final conc. Of B M =0,12 / 0,1 =1,2M B R= k R= kA R = kA2

Bangladesh’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) Essay

Due to Bangladeshs extreme photo to climate related impacts, interlingual rendition is necessary for the political and economic survival of the fittest of the country (Ali, 1999 Sajjaduzzaman et al, 2005). Since developing countries fork out been historically less responsible for the emissions that cause climate switch over, it is the responsibility of developed countries to finance the cost of adaptation in appendix to increment aid commitments (Article 4.4 UNFCCC, 1992). To this end, the United Nations Convention on clime Change (UNFCCC) provides support for adaptation under a global governance system, and has made subject field version Programs of Action (NAPA) a requirement for all to the lowest degree(prenominal) Developed Countries (LDCs) in order to provide the space for participatory approaches and community-level inputs in adaptation policy-making (Ayers et al, 2009).Here, the rationale is that the impacts of climate variety are experienced local anestheticly, so adaptation programs need to be formulated and implemented at the local level (Ayers 2011). The Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG) affirms that other(a) engagement of people at the grassroots level will be important in ensuring successful execution of instrument of NAPA initiatives (LEG, 20022).The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF), together with the United Nations Development Program and the international Environment Facility, has provided funding for its highest priority NAPA plan a $10.8 billion coastal Afforestation design (20102013) which aims to reduce climatechange hazards through coastal afforestation with community participation in the coastal districts of Barguna and Patuakhali (Western Region), Chittagong (Eastern Region), Bhola, and Noakhali (Central Region) (Figure 1) (Ministry Of Environment and Forestry (MOEF, 200524).Bangladesh isone of the first countries to implement a community- found adaptation (CBA) project as part of its NAPA, and in tends on using this project as a template for other insecure regions in Bangladesh (MOEF, 2008). Before this project is used as a template, it is important to analyse its impressiveness. This report will explore the role of the UNFCCCs NAPA scheme in supporting or hindering a participatory approach to adaptation in Bangladeshs CBA coastal afforestation project. Specifically, the focus question will be whether the coastal afforestation project is effective in facilitating adaptation at the grassroots level.BACKGROUNDThe Bangladesh NAPA identifies coastal communities as being the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and proposes 15 projects that would meet their pressing and immediate adaptation needs (MOEF, 20054). The vulnerability of coastal communities in Bangladesh is also emphasised in the Third Assessment spread over of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001). coastal zones are the highest priority sector in the NAPA due to the importance of t he economic resources being affected, the urgency, severity and certainty of severe climate change impacts, and because coastal areas comprise 32% of the countries land space, with over 35 million people living just 1m above sea level (Agrawala et al, 2003).Bangladeshs flat deltaic topography with low elevation and its geographical location that sits at the intersection of three river basins puts it at risk of exposure of flooding and tidal inundation, droughts, tropical cyclones and storm quite a littles (Rawlani and Sovacool, 2011). In addition, Bangladesh is exposed to impacts from the melting of the Indian and Himalayan glaciers (Rawlani and Sovacool, 2011).These factors combined mean that every area in Bangladesh is prone to four types of floods- flash floods, riverine floods, rain floods, and storm surge floods (Figure 2) (Mirza, 2002). Furtherto a greater extent, all sectors and regions ofBangladesh are vulnerable the impacts of climate change (Figure 3) (Rawlani and Sovaco ol, 2011). The sites for the coastal afforestation project were selected based on their extreme vulnerability to climate change impacts (MOEF 2008).METHODOLOGYAdaptation refers to adjustments in ecological, social and economic systems in response to the impacts of climate change (IPCC, 2007). Whereas adaptive capacity is the ability of a system to adjust to the impacts of climate change- to comprise potential damages, take advantage of opportunities, or cope with the consequences, resilience goes further to include the degree the system is capable of selforganisation, and able to learn and adapt to changes (Folke, 2006 Jerneck and Olsen, 2008 Magis, 2010). For this reason, a resilience theoretical account with the following criteria will be used to analyse the effectiveness of the coastal afforestation projectDiversity in adaptation approaches involving a cock of technological, ecosystem based, governance and behavioural adaptation approaches.Effective governance and institutions that are seen as legitimate are critical for delivering sustainable adaptation outcomes (Bahadur et al, 2013). This is because they clear facilitate acquire and experiment in safe ways, monitor results, update assessments, and modify policy as newknowledge is gained (Carpenter et al, 2001778).Preparedness and planning requires relevant and timely information, and integrating with existing institutional dish outes (Bahadur et al, 2013).An acceptance of uncertainty and change at all scales- individual, organisational and systemic- to adjust adaptation actions to changing circumstances so that co-benefits can be effected and perverse outcomes avoided (Bahadur et al, 2013).The level of community involvement and ownership is essential as to ensuring projects reach the most vulnerable (Bahadur et al, 2013). This is a key factor in trim down vulnerability to climate change under CBA (Pouliotte et al, 2009).Mainstreaming climate change into development planning to achieve climate b risk development is necessary for lessen vulnerability to climate change (Bahadur et al, 201355).COMPARISONThe NAPA project demonstrates systems thinking by a willingness to learn from past policy mistakes. The Forestry Department has adopted a more participatory approach to forest management due to criticisms that past projects resulted in overharvesting and overgrazing due to a lack of community ownership over coastal mangroves (Rawlani and Sovacool, 2011). Since the1980s, emerging poverty and population growth combined with anabsence of land-use policies has resulted in a loss of over 40,000 ha of forests along the eastern and central coasts of Bangladesh due to unclutter for agriculture, shrimp farming, season pan and settlements (MOEF, 2008).The project document reviews these past issues and has put in place measures for livelihood diversification so that natural resources are non exploited (MOEF, 2008). The project aims to diversify livelihoods through its triple f model of Forest, Fish, and Food, which integrates aquaculture and food production within the afforested and reforested plantations so that community income sources are diversify (Sovacool et al, 2012). The FFF model currently focuses on drought and flood resistance fruit and vegetable crops. Through a combination of agriculture, fishing and producing palm oil the project has so far provided an income stream for 1,150 families and community pedagogy on nursery and plantation management to 12,200 coastal people (Rawlani and Sovacool, 2011).However, as one local states, we have developed saline tolerant crop varieties but the concentration of salinity is going up. We cant keep on producing crops when land is flooded and water savory Adaptation has its limits (Rawlani and Sovacool, 2011 860). Evidently, the FFF model fails to encourage a diversity of livelihood options, and and so equip locals with the adaptive capacity to adjust adaptation actions to changing circumstances. By contrast, a n nongovernmental organization in the village of Subarnabad- the Institute of Development Education for Advancement of Landless (IDEAL)- has implemented a CBA project that allows the community to choose their own livelihood options (Figure 5), thus giving them full ownership and providing a range of options so that they can adjust their income streams if circumstances change.The climate impacts emphasised by the NAPA project fit with community responses recorded in an independent household survey in one of the target sites, the Noakhali village (Figure 4) (Ayers, 2011). However, the adaptation options listed by respondents focused on addressing systemic issues like lack of access togovernment services and NGOs, high poverty rates, low social mobilisation, low literacy rates and insecure land tenure (Ayers, 2011). Coastal afforestation was never raised as a priority adaptation option (Ayers,2011). The project has sponsored 6000ha of community-based mangrove plantations, 500ha of non -mangrove mount plantations, 220ha of dykes, 1000km of embankments, and building sea gates to prevent salt water intrusion into rivers (Sovacool et al, 2012).These initiatives reveal the projects focus on reducing the physical exposure to climate change impacts (Ayers, 2011). However, respondents in Noakhali framed risk in terms of addressing development issues that cause vulnerabilities to climate change impacts in the first place (Ayers, 2011). One example is the projects introduction of early warning information and disaster preparedness systems in 20 of the most vulnerable towns (MOEF, 2008). In discussions about the risks of cyclones and storms with fishermen in Noakhali, they revealed that information provision was not the problem- radios had already been provided by a local Red Crescent program, but financial pressure to pay back the loans meant that fisherman would ignore the bad weather warnings (Ayers, 2011). therefrom the preferable adaptation option here would be putting in place a better micro-credit system. This mooring illustrates the importance of addressing the underlying issues that expose vulnerable groups to climate change impacts. It also shows that a lack of coordination between government and existing institutions can waste funding and exacerbate vulnerabilities. Therefore, community involvement in identifying vulnerabilities and adaptation responses is essential to building resilience on the ground.DISCUSSIONA lack of community involvement and ownership over the implementation of the project can be attributed to the NAPA preparation process. The process involved consultation with local level stakeholders- representatives from local government, local NGOs, farmers and women- through regional consultation workshops (Ayers, 2011). However, power kinetics within communities meant that politically powerful stakeholders dominated the discussions to the exclusion of less powerful stakeholders- basically, the most vulnerable were not involved in the NAPA preparation process (Ayers, 2011). Furthermore, the participation of local stakeholders focused on prioritising pre-identified adaptation options (Ayers, 2011).This top down approach combined with the framing of risks as climatechange impacts rather than vulnerabilities explains why the adaptation options in the NAPA conflict with those prioritised by the targeted communities (Ayers, 2011). This is due to a global framework of adaptation that casts adaptation as a response to the supernumerary impacts of climate change rather than the factors that make people vulnerable to these changes (which are often closely connected to existing development needs and problems) (Ayers, 201163).The LEG (2002) guidelines sieve the importance of bottom-up, participatory approaches (2) to adaptation and the NAPA project emphasises the participation of men and women at the grassroots- level(MOEF, 200822), so what institutional approach is essential to meet these ends? Ayers et al (200 9) suggest reframing the adaptation discourse under the UNFCCC in terms of vulnerability instead of impacts, as this would allow vulnerable communities to identify, prioritise and implement climate vital development activities and thus operationalize CBA. CBA requires an engagement with local institutional structures-be it public, private or civil societyfrom the beginning of the NAPA development process- to ascertain which institutions or features of institutions are needed for climate resilient development in that particular context (Ayers et al, 2010).In practise, this means more coordination between the government of Bangladesh and local institutions to develop mechanisms for mainstreaming climate resilient development.Opportunities for collaboration already exist in Bangladesh, but need to be harnessed. For example, the NGO IDEAL has successfully implemented CBA in the South-Western village of Subarnabad by providing training and technical support as well as access to loans an d a savings bank to adopt new livelihoods strategies of their choosing to suit their situation (Pouliotte, 2009) (Figure 5). In turn, this has had a mobilising effect on the community, which can be seen in the strategies being employed without the help of the NGO- by learning from neighbours and building networks (Pouliotte, 2009).The effect of this project in reducing vulnerabilities by diversifying livelihood options shows that climate change adaptation activities need to be built into community driven development programs. Another NGO in Bangladesh, The arsenous anhydride Mitigation and Research Foundation (AMRF), has facilitated the establishment of Village Committees made up of women in arsenic-affectedvillages who collect 3 Dhakas from each resident per month and lobby local government for funding to not only operate and maintain the deep tube wells, but also encourage activities in other sectors like education, sanitation, and village infrastructure (Rammelt et al, 2011).The se committees have the funding, lobbying power, and legitimacy to potentially carry out climate resilience development programs as well. A barrier for LDCs to mainstreaming climate change into development planning is the funding issue of additionality. This is why deepening community involvement through community-based organisations- in collaboration with government- is the institutional approach needed to carry out climate resilient development.CONCLUSIONAlthough the NAPA project in Bangladesh reflects community perceptions on the impacts of climate change, vulnerable communities were given little opportunity to identify and address the underlying development issues that cause vulnerability to such impacts (Ayers, 2011). This exposes the problem with facilitating CBA within the confines of impacts-based adaptation policy-making under the UNFCCC. Therefore a new framework is needed that defines adaptation more broadly that addresses the drivers of vulnerability, and recognises that development is risk management(Commission on Climate Change and Development, 2009 9).APPENDIXFigure 1Source MOEF 20084Figure 2Source Mirza et al, 200348Figure 3Source Rawlani and Savacool, 2011863Figure 4Source Ayers, 201174Figure 5Source Pouliotte et al, 200942Reference listAli, A (1999) Climate change impacts and adaptation assessment in Bangladesh, Climate Research, 12 109-116Agrawala, S, Ota, T, Ahmed, A.U, Smith, J, van Aalst, M (2003) Development and climate change in Bangladesh focus on coastal flooding and the Sundarbans, OECD, ParisAvailable at http//www.oecd.org/env/cc/21055658.pdfAccessed 25 July, 2013Agrawal, A (2008) The role of local institutions in adaptation to climate change, Social Development Department, World Bank, Washington, MarchAvailableathttp//www.icarus.info/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/agrawal-adaptation-institutions-livelihoods.pdfAccessed 25 July, 2013Ayers, J (2011) Resolving the adaptation paradox exploring the potential for deliberative policy-making in Bangladesh, Global Environmental Politics, 11(1) 62-89Ayers, J, Dodman, D (2010) Climate change adaptation and development the state of the debate, Progress in Development Studies, 27 (6)161-168Ayers, J, Huq, S (2009) Supporting adaptation through development what role for ODA? Development Policy Review, 27 (6) 659-784Bahadur, A.V, Ibrahim, M, Tanner, T (2013) Characterizing resilience unpacking the concept for tackling climate change and development, Climate and Development, 5 (1)55-65Commission on Climate Change and Development (2009) The human dimension of climate adaptation the importance of local and institutional issues, April Available at http//www.ccdcommission.org/ filer/report/HUMAN_DIMENSIONS.pdf Accessed 26 July, 2013Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007b, Australia and New Zealand. Climate Change 2007 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the stern Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeAv ailable at http//www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html Accessed15 July, 2013IPCC (2001) The Science of Climate Change, Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change,Availableathttp//www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtml. Ufpg2T89UNAccessed 26 July, 2013Folke, C (2006) Resilience the emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses, Global Environmental Change, 16(3)253-267Jerneck, A, Olsson, L (2008) Adaptation and the deplorable development, resilience and transition, Climate Policy 8, 170-182Magis, K (2010) Community resilience an indicator of social sustainability, Society and Natural Resources, 23401-416Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) (2005), National Adaptation curriculum of Action (NAPA), BangladeshAvailable at http//unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/ban01.pdf Accessed 20 July, 2013Ministry of Environment and Forests (2008) Community- based adaptation to climate change thr ough costal afforestation in Bangladesh, BangladeshMirza, N.M.Q, (2002) Global warming and changes in the probability of occurrences of floods in Bangladesh and implications, Global Environment and Change, 12127138Pouliotte, J, Smit, B, Westerhoff, L (2009) Adaptation and developmentlivlihoods and climate change in Subarnabad, Bangladesh, Climate and Development, 131-46Rammelt, C, Masud, Z.MD, Boes, J, Masud, F, Masud, A (2011) Beyond medical treatment, arsenic poisoning in rural Bangladesh, Social Medicine, 6(1) 22-30Rawlani, A.K, Savacool, B.K (2011) Building responsiveness to climate change through community based adaptation in Bangladesh, Mitigation and Adaptation strategies for global change, 16845-863Sajjaduzzaman M.M, Koike, N (2005) Mangrove plantation destruction in Noakhali Coastal Forests in Bangladesh a case study on causes, consequences, and model prescription to halt deforestation, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 7 (5)732-734Sovacool, B.K, DAgostino, A .L, Meenawat, H, Rawlani, A (2012) Expert views of climate change adaptation in least developed Asia, Journal of Environmental Management, 9778-88Sovacool, B.K, DAgostino,A.L, Rawlani, A, Meenawat, H (2012) Improving climate change adaptation in least developed Asia, Environmental Science and Policy, 21112-125UNFCCC/LEG (Least Developed Countries Expert Group) (2002) Annotated guidelines for the preparation of National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPA), Bonn, July Available at http//unfccc.int/resource/docs/publications/annguid_e.pdfAccessed 25 July, 2013UNFCCC(1992) The United Nations Convention on Climate Change Available at http//unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf Accessed 24 July 2013

Airbus Strategy of Assembling an Aircraft Essay

Airbus is a multinational company, with its headquarters in Toulouse, which coordinates all activities and controls the bestride in all corporate functions. Its main actions are foc apply on four EU members France, Germany, UK, Spain (Airbus online 2012)France includes four manufacturing sites and three assembly lines. As maven of the break off members France has the biggest number of employees. Germany has an important role in the development and engineering of all aircrafts. Hamburg is the Centre of Excellence for cabin and cargo customisation. (Airbusonline2012)The main contribution of the United domain is the expertise in the design and manufacturing of wings. The assembling of wings for all Airbus aircrafts takes place in the UK. Spain contributes the expertise in weight-saving, composite materials and in innovative manufacturing technologies. However, non EU members deal China, Japan, USA or Russia have become more and more attractive in terms of working conditions and tax policy. (Airbusonline2012)These international collaborations emphasize the multinational thought process of Airbus and indicate the EU as an important partner in terms of creating attractive general conditions.It has to be noticed that Airbuss operations are one before and one after the implementation of the SupirWorld Program. In the next, are listed some of the advantages and disadvantages of the its implementation.Pros * Improved productivity of its operations to effectively cater to the changing requirements of its customers. * vibration m reduction of manufacturing aircrafts from 7.5 to 6 years * Smart buying- Reduced its leave cost base The aim of this program was sharing risk with their suppliers and thus arrive at them more responsible for the overall performance of Airbus. * receiptss in Supply Chain* Improved efficiency through new implemented technology in the supply ambit * Quality standards * Economies of scales * Better scope for interoperability between its se veral entities * Fewer but dedicated suppliers and service providers * Introduction of the Supply Chain Quality Improvement Program (SQIP) to achieve the best performance in the industry such as supply chain efficiency, quality and on time delivery.Cons * Job cuts -10,000 employees by of 87,000 across its plants were fired when implementing the power8 program * Lack of standardization before the introduction of supirWorld. This was leading to inefficiency in its operations with its different manufacturers, ordering the same manifest fro different suppliers and using several logistic providers.Airbus recently introduced a maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) strategy supporting RFID adoption for value chain visibility, by analyze both flyable and non-flyable components over their total lifecycle. According to Carlo K. Nizam, Airbuss head of value chain visibility, the increasingly competitive global market, and the need to reduce costs and streamline business processes in order to remain competitive has driven the firm to adopt RFID.Airbus introduced the RFID-technology to increase their overall supply chain transparency and visibility to cleanse their general reactivity. Its goal is to error-proof and automate its supply chain and manufacturing operations to reduce aircraft production and maintenance costs. Minimize unplanned maintenance and detect malfunction advance(prenominal) Manage and reduce airline parts inventories Establish audit trails for each uniquely identified object Ensure that the correct part is being used in the right place Mechanics can access document, task, and parts data, and locate and track approved spare parts in real time Identify and track tool location, usage history, and repair requirements Improve safety and security by authenticating componentsBenefits of utilizing RFID to Airbus * Visibility getting automatic updates of events in the value chain and an unprecedented high level of information * Process Benefits the c ycle times are shorter and less inventory is needed * Business Benefits reduction in inventory, seat of government assets and stock reconciliations, and an increased labour productivity and supplier monitoringDrawbacks of utilizing RFID to Airbus * High Costs * Standardization Issues It can be very challenging to manage two-fold readers and hardware, especially across many facilities * Potential Data Interference and Overload Issues whether multiple passive RFID devices can cause interference to aircraft systems, whether a strong and undesired signal can activate all devices simultaneously, and the corresponding effects on aircraft systems * Environmental factors emperature, presence of eloquents or metals, such as foil packaging and liquid detergents, can affect the ability of readers to work reliably * Resistance to Change from Barcode System

Code of Ethics. Audit – 1

INTRODUCTION Code of ethics is a very important matter in each and every c everying and in accountancy profession it is more vital. The accountancy profession has a contradictory image. On the one hand restrainers are seen as pillars of a society, providing reliable entropy in there oeuvreing lives and acting as a treasurer for different public authority institutions, NGOs, banks, educational institution or local organizations in their spare of time. charter Accountants are excessively seen as an independent justifier regarding the financial performance and activities of private and public organizations audited by them that enhance the confidence level of different finish makers. The other side of the coin is the image of aggressive tax schemes, financial scandals and money laundering. Code of ethics establishes the fundamental normals of headmaster ethics for superior accountants and provides a demonstrative guideline for applying those principles.Professional accountants are required to keep re section and apply this Code of ethics to identify threats to compliance with the fundamental principles, to evaluate their deduction and, if such threats are other than clearly insignificant to apply safeguards to eliminate them or reduce them to an acceptable level such that compliance with the fundamental principles is non compromised. WHAT ETHICS IS Normally ethics is set of beliefs and thoughts of a person about what is right and wrong. In other words ethics can be delimitate as a set of morale principles or values.Ethics, also known as moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about devotionthat is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice, etc. WHY CODE OF ETHICS NEED The services provided by maestro accountants have great involvement with the public matter to. Because it is necessary for governments, shareholders, trading partners, management and any other stakeholders, that the financi al and other reports and information provided by accountants are reliable and can be used by others as they go about their daily lives.Accountants work creates major impacts in the national economy through capital crossbreedet as well as revenue collection for public expenditures (taxes). There is a third society involvement in most of accountants work therefore victor accountants should maintain independence, faithfulness, objectivity and compliance with other honest issues. CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) issued code of ethics under its own authority, game quality ethical standards and other pronouncements for professional accountants for use around the world.This Code of Ethics establishes ethical requirements for professional accountants. This code consists of Fundamental Principles and Threats and Safeguards. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES A professional accountant is required to comply with the following fundament al principles Integrity Objectivity Professional competence and due care Confidentiality Professional behavior INTEGRITY A professional accountant should not allow bias, conflict of interest or undue influence of others to override professional or business judgments.The principle of integrity imposes an obligation on all professional accountants to be straightforward and honest in professional and business relationships. Integrity also implies fair dealing and honorableness. A professional accountant should not be associated with reports, returns, Communications or other information where they believe that the information a) Contains a materially false or misdirect statement b) Contains statements or information furnished recklessly or (c) Omits or obscures information required to be included where such omission or abstrusity would be misleading.OBJECTIVITY A professional accountant should not allow bias, conflict of interest or undue influence of others to override professi onal or business judgments. The principle of objectivity imposes an obligation on all professional accountants not to compromise their professional or business judgment because of bias, conflict of interest or the undue influence of others. A professional accountant whitethorn be exposed to situations that may impair objectivity. It is impracticable to define and prescribe all such situations.Relationships that bias or unduly influence the professional judgment of the professional accountant should be avoided. PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE AND DUE CARE A professional accountant has a continuing duty to maintain professional knowledge and skill at the level required to underwrite that a customer or employer receives competent professional service based on current developments in practice, legislation and techniques. A professional accountant should act diligently and in conformance with applicable technical and professional standards when providing professional services.The principle o f professional competence and due care imposes the following obligations on professional accountants (a) To maintain professional knowledge and skill at the level required to ensure that clients or employers receive competent professional service (b) To act diligently in accordance with applicable technical and professional standards when providing professional services. Competent professional service requires the exercise of sound judgment in applying professional knowledge and skill in the performance of such service.Professional competence may be divided into two separate phases (a) Attainment of professional competence and (b) Maintenance of professional competence. The aliment of professional competence requires a continuing awareness and an understanding of relevant technical professional and business developments. Continuing professional development develops and maintains the capabilities that enable a professional accountant to perform competently within the professional en vironments.Diligence encompasses the responsibility to act in accordance with the requirements of an assignment, carefully, thoroughly and on a by the way basis. A professional accountant should take steps to ensure that those working under the professional accountants authority in a professional capacity have appropriate training and supervision. Where appropriate, a professional accountant should make clients, employers or other users of the professional services aware of limitations inherent in the services to avoid the misinterpretation of an expression of opinion as an assertion of facts.CONFIDENTIALITY A professional accountant should respect the unavowedity of information acquired as a get out of professional and business relationships and should not disclose any such information to third parties without proper and specific authority unless there is a legal or professional right or duty to disclose. Confidential information acquired as a result of professional and business relationships should not be used for the individualized advantage of the professional accountant or third parties.The principle of confidentiality imposes an obligation on professional accountants to refrain from (a) Disclosing outside the business firm or employing organization confidential information acquired as a result of professional and business relationships without proper and specific authority or unless there is a legal or professional right or duty to disclose and (b) Using confidential information acquired as a result of professional and business relationships to their personal advantage or the advantage of third parties.A professional accountant should maintain confidentiality even in a social environment. The professional accountant should be alert to the opening move of inadvertent disclosure, particularly in circumstances involving long association with a business associate or a close or immediate family member. A professional accountant should also maintain conf identiality of information disclosed by a prospective client or employer. A professional accountant should also consider the need to maintain confidentiality of information within the firm or employing organization.A professional accountant should take all reasonable steps to ensure that staff under the professional accountants control and persons from whom advice and assistance is obtained respect the professional accountants duty of confidentiality. The need to comply with the principle of confidentiality continues even after the end of relationships between a professional accountant and a client or employer. When a professional accountant changes employment or acquires a new client, the professional accountant is entitled to use prior experience.The professional accountant should not, however, use or disclose any confidential information either acquired or received as a result of a professional or business relationship. PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR A professional accountant should compl y with relevant laws and regulations and should avoid any action that discredits the profession. In marketing and promoting themselves and their work, professional accountants should not bring the profession into disrepute. Professional accountants should be honest and truthful and should not a) Make exaggerated claims for the services they are able to offer, the qualifications they possess, or experience they have gained or (b) Make disparaging references or unsubstantiated comparisons to the work of others. THREATS AND SAFEGUARDS THREATS Compliance with the fundamental principles may potentially be threatened by a broad range of circumstances. Many threats fall into the following categories (a) Self-interest threats, which may make pass as a result of the financial or other interests of a professional accountant or of an immediate or close family member b) Self-review threats, which may occur when a previous judgment needs to be re-evaluated by the professional accountant respons ible for that judgment (c) Advocacy threat which may occur when a professional accountant promotes a position or opinion to the point that subsequent objectivity may be compromised (d) Familiarity threats, which may occur when, because of a close relationship, a professional accountant becomes too sympathetic to the interests of others and e) Intimidation threats, which may occur when a professional accountant may be deterred from acting objectively by threats, actual or perceived. SAFEGUARDS According to the code of ethics there are two general categories of safeguards 1. Safeguards created by the profession, legislation or regulation 2. Safeguards within the work environment. Examples of safeguards created by the profession, legislation or regulation ? Educational training and experience requirements for entry into the profession. ? Continuing professional development requirements. incarnate governance regulations. ? Professional standards. ? Professional or regulatory monitorin g and disciplinary procedures. ? External review by a legally empowered third party of the reports, returns, communication or information produced by a professional accountant. Examples of safeguards in the work environment ? Involving an additional professional accountant to review the work through or otherwise advise as necessary. ? Consulting an independent third party, such as a committee of independent directors, a professional regulatory physical structure or another professional accountant. Rotating senior personnel. ? Discussing ethical issues with those in charge of client governance. ? Disclosing to those charged with governance the nature of services provided and extent of fees charged. ? Involving another firm to perform or repertory part of the engagement. CONCLUSION The importance of professional ethics is that in order for accountancy services to be meaningful, the public essential trust accountants and the trust are built by the knowledge that accountants are bound by a professional code of ethics.If the professions to survive and thrive and if its members are to maintain their position, there has to be a code of conduct so that the public are able to fell that they can trust accountant. A distinguishing mark of the accountancy profession is its acceptance of the responsibility to act in the public interest. Therefore, a professional accountants responsibility is not exclusively to run across the needs of an individual client or employer. In acting in the public interest a professional accountant should observe and comply with the ethical requirements of this Code.

A Purchasing Decision Essay

1. What atomic number 18 the advantages and disadvantages of buy high-end versus low-end PDA widgets for the medical piazza physicians?The advantages and disadvantages of purchasing high-end versus low-end PDA devices for the medical center physicians are that from the PDA device on a high-end of quality and price is that a physician can do more with it a (PDA) can access the internet store filename extension material track & collect patient data provide patient education material aide in the billing process and transmit electronic prescriptions. The disadvantages of a high-end PDA device are the cost of the item and training associated with it on a limited budget.The advantages of purchasing low-end versus high-end PDA devices for the medical center physicians are that from the PDA device on a low-end of quality of and price would allow the administrator to comply with his budget. However, the disadvantages are that with a PDA device on a low-end of quality an there is a higher (prenominal) level of security risk and a physicians are limited to certain functions due to the lower quality of packet which in the end could actually result in others costs fixing and aide issues cause by these limitations.2. What might the implications of a decision active purchasing PDA devices for physicians it this medical center? The possible implications of a decision about purchasing PDA devices for physicians it this medical center could be from the high-end PDA the price would set a strain on the administrators budget and would affect other needs of the medical center, and with a device on the low-end of quality an there is a higher level of security risk and a physicians are limited to certain functions due to the lower quality of software3. What are the limitations of the current decision-making process about a PDA enthronization?The limitation of the current decision-making process about a PDA investment is the administrators budget.4. What decision-making process would you propose for (IS) investment decision at the medical center? Should others be involved? Who? How much? The decision-making process I would propose for (IS) investment decision at the medical center would be to bring all department heads of the medical center and the physicians together and discuss the need to lead this purchase and the possible consequences of that decision.It is my understanding that the choice to make a purchase of this equipment for the medical center is understood to be a positive strategic move but the resulting actions of that purchase will affect everyone, and its for that reason I think everyone should be involved so issues and concerns can be addressed to make a choice together that will be in the best interest of the medical center.

Environmental Awareness Among Prospective Teachers

environsal Awareness among Prospective Teachers of Himachal Pradesh Dr. Ajay Kumar Attri Lecturer, Deptt. Of raising, MLSM College Sundernagar, Mandi (HP) ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to compare the environmental sensation of male and female, science and arts and boorish and urban prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh. The sample comprised 260 (cxxx male and 130 female) prospective teachers. For the study Environment Awareness Ability bankers bill (EAAM) was developed and standardized by Parveen Kumar Jha (1998) consisted of 71 items was used.It was comprise that environmental sensory faculty of prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh remains almost the same as far as effect of gender, stream and venue is concerned. This may be attributed to the incident that prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh were studying Education for military personnel Value, Environment and Human Right as a compulsory subject during their B. Ed course. INTRODUCTION India is unita ry of the first countries where the constitution recognized the need for harmonizing environmental concerns with ripening.Article 48A specifically directs The state shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forest and wildlife in the country and Article 51A (g) enjoins upon Indian citizens a fundamental duty to protect and improve the natural. The concept environment can be understood in completely of all components surrounding the man i. e. environment is the sum of all social, biological, physical and chemical factors which compose the surroundings of man. Each component of these surroundings constitutes a vision on which man draws with a view of promoting human welfare.According to a Report of a Conference of African Education at Nairobi (1968) environmental Education is to create an awareness and understanding of the evolving social and physical environment as a whole, its natural, manmade, cultural, spiritual resources to line upher with the rational use and conservation of these resources for development. CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS The issue of environmental awareness is becoming global in nature. It has also drawn the attention of common people as environmental degradation and pollution are causing a serious threat to survival of mankind. at that place are several factors like thinning of ozone layer, asylum of ozone hole, over population of many developing countries, the ever-increasing natural and technological disasters and threat of chemical and radiation hazards are threatening to wipe out the humanity from the earth. in that respect are four major and integrating components of environmental awarenessknowledge, real life situation, conservation and sustainable development. Himachal Pradesh government is trying to promote the development of an economically and environmentally sound eco-system while endeavoring to improve the living standards of the people in the state.The government is conscious of the intrinsic judge of the environment and of ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic determine there of further the government of Himachal Pradesh is trying to conserve and enhance the environment and follow a policy of sustainable development. Being aware of its central theatrical role in directing the development on a sustainable matrix, it calls upon people of Panchayatiraj, Local bodies, institutions and the organs of state for extending their full cooperation in this effort.REVIEW OF RELATED look for The number of research studies has been undertaken by investigators on environmental awareness of students at various directs of education and findings of the same are as Shahnawaj (1990) found that a in truth high level of awareness existed on the part of teachers and students and also found that environmental awareness was more in urban groups than in the verdant group. Santipapwiwatana (1991) reason out that awaren ess of students was satisfactory with respect to environment. Gopalkrishan (1992) inferred that children were inspired from nvironmental education. Patel (1994) observed that the male teachers with long school experience of urban area are more aware just about the environment education. Vashisht (1995) inferred that the level of awareness was found to be higher in case of boys as compared to girls. Bala (1996) indicated that level of awareness of university students especially university boys were satisfactory with respect to environment. Kumari (1999) found that clubby school teachers were more aware about environment as compared to government school teachers.Sharma (2000) indicated that urban students were more aware about their environment, about forests and environment component as compared to bucolic students. Owena (2000) cogitate that the environmental literacy of urban middle school teachers were almost satisfactory. Thakur (2003) concluded that at primary stage both the rural and urban students are not much aware about environmental situation. Biasan (2005) concluded that both government and private school students have the same level of environmental awareness.Nagra and Dhillon (2006) inferred that acquirement teachers showed higher environmental education awareness than art teachers. Nagra, et. al. (2007) showed that secondary school teachers showed remarkable variation in environmental education awareness than elementary school teachers. The male and female secondary school teacher showed significant variation in environmental educational awareness. OBJECTIVES 1. To find out the significant remnant between stringent rack up of Male and egg-producing(prenominal) prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. 2.To investigate the significant discordence between mean scores of Science and Arts prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. 3. To study the significant difference between mean scores of rural and urban prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. HYPOTHESES 1. There will be no significant difference between mean scores of Male and Female prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. 2. There will be no significant difference between mean scores of Science and Arts prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. . There will be no significant difference between mean scores of rural and urban prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. METHOD AND action In the present study descriptive survey method of research was used and following method and procedure was used. POPULATION All the prospective teachers of private B. Ed colleges of Himachal Pradesh constituted the population of the study. SAMPLE For the selection of 260 prospective teachers (130 male and 130 female) from the 8 private B. Ed colleges, method of convenient sampling was adopted. multivariate STRUCTURE Gende r, Stream and locale constituted the independent variables whereas Environmental awareness was the criterion variable. TOOLS USED IN THE STUDY Environment Awareness Ability Measure (EAAM) was developed and standardized by Parveen Kumar Jha (1998) consisted of 71 items was used. The value of Reliability co-efficient varies between 0. 61 to 0. 84. It was quite valid as the items in it had already been treated and their marrow made relevant by incorporating the suggestions of the various experts. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTo test the hypothesis of the study t-test was performed on the scores of environmental awareness. The summary of the obtained results has been presented in Table-1. It is evident from the table-1 that the t-value testing the significance of mean difference among the Male and Female prospective teachers was calculated as 0. 15, which is non-significant both at 0. 05 and 0. 01 levels of confidence, which reflects that mean scores of Male and Female prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh do not differ significantly on environmental awareness.Thus, the null hypothesis that There will be no significant difference between mean scores of total Male and total Female prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness is accepted. Thus it may be concluded that Male and Female prospective teachers dont differ significantly in their awareness toward environment. Table 1 Summary of the Statistical Calculations for Obtaining t-values with date to Environmental Awareness among Prospective Teachers of Himachal Pradesh on Gender, Stream and Locale Group N Mean S.D. t-value Result (Prospective Teachers) Male 130 44. 20 4. 52 0. 15 none-significant at 0. 05 level Female 130 44. 12 3. 91 Science 130 44. 8 4. 88 0. 44 Non-significant at 0. 05 level Arts 130 44. 05 3. 45 Rural 65 43. 94 5. 10 Non-significant at 0. 66 0. 05 level Urban 65 44. 46 3. 87 Further, Table-1 indicates that the calculated t value sh owing the significant difference in the mean scores of Science and Arts prospective teachers came out to be 0. 44, which is not significant even at 0. 05 level of confidence thereby, accepting the null hypothesis that There will be no significant difference between mean scores of Science and Arts prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. Hence it may be concluded that Science and Arts prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh dont differ significantly on environmental awareness i. e. they have almost similar awareness toward environment.Table-1 further shows that thet-value reflecting the significance of mean difference among the rural and rural prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh was calculated as 0. 66, which is non-significant at 0. 05 level of confidence. Thus, the null hypothesis that There will be no significant difference between mean scores of rural and urban prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness stands accepted. T hus, it may be concluded from the above interpretation that rural and urban prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh dont differ significantly at environmental awareness i. . locale does not show much effect on environmental awareness of prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh. Thus, on the basis of the conclusions, it is inferred that environmental awareness of prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh remains almost the same as far as effect of gender, stream and locale is concerned thereby showing that gender, stream and locale do not show much impact on their environmental awareness. This may be attributed to the fact that environmental education has become the integral part of school as well as college curriculum.Same is the case with prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh who study Education for Human Value, Environment and Human Right as a compulsory subject. This gives them complete awareness about environment in relation to both stream and sex. Also, our findings get supp ort from the study of Thakur (2003) which reflected that sex groups had equal awareness regarding the environment. REFERENCES Bala, I. (1996) A written report of Environmental Awareness among University Students, M. Ed. dissertation, Department of Education, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Biasan, A. 2005) Comparative Study of Environmental Awareness Among Government and Private Secondary School Students in District Kangra of Himachal Pradesh, M. Ed. Dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla,. Constitution of India (Part IV Directive Principles of State Policy) Article 48A Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests. Gopal Krishan, S. (1992) An Impact of Environmental Education on Primary School Children, Fifth Survey of Research in Education (1988-92), Vol. II, NCERT, New Delhi. Kumari, S. (1999) A Study of Environmental Awareness among easy School Teachers. M.Ed Dissertation, Department of Education H. P. U, Shimla. Maheswari, B. K. and Sh arma, B. L. (2004) Education for Values, Environment and Human Rights. Merrut Surya Publication, PP. 1-4. Ministry of Education, Government of India (1985) Challenge of education a policy perspective. Document C06370 Nagra, V. and Dhillion, S. Jaiswinder (2006) Environmental Education Awareness among Secondary School Teachers. status in Education, Vol. 21, No. 3 Nagra Vipinder and Dhillion, S. Jaiswinder (2007) Environmental Education Awareness among School Teachers in Relation to Level and Gender. Perspective in Education, Vol. 3, No. 2 Nairobi(1968), Third Conference of Ministers of Education in African Member States (MINEDAF III) Owena and Marcia, A. (2001) The Environmental Literacy of Urban Middle School Teachers. Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 61. No. 4 Patel, Delip, G. , (1994) Environmental Awareness of Primary School Teachers in the Progress of Education, Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 58 (10-11), P. 234. Santipapwiwatana, Winyoo (1991), Knowledge a nd Opinions Concerning Environmental Conservation of Prathomsuksa, Six Students in Amphur, Chaiangkham, Phayao Province, Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 2. Shahnawaj, (1990) Environmental Awareness and Environmental Attitude of Secondary and Higher Secondary School Teachers and Students, Fifth Survey of Educational Research, Trend Reports, vol. I, New Delhi NCERT. Sharma, Rajeshwar. (2000) A Study of Environmental Awareness among Primary School Students, M. Ed. Dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Vashisht, K. Narinder (1995) A Study of Environmental Awareness among Adolescent Students, M. Ed. Dissertation, Department of Education, H. P. U. , Shimla.

Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night

C. S. Lewis once said, no one incessantly t anile me that grief felt so equal fear. In Dylan Thomass villanelle, Do not go gentle into that good night, written within the Emerging Modernist Period, illustrates a homo grieving his old and dying father to cultus at conclusion for people should look over their lives and score confidence of having completed the defining mo workforcets by taking risks and having no fear in advance death is upon them. Within the first tercet, a young man reacts to the closeness of death with a fighting approach as to rebuke the betrothal of the end.Throughout the poem, the repetition and rhyming of the last words helps to allow the reader to understand the making of a frame of writing know as a villanelle. One of the two lynchpin phrases within this villanelle, do not go gentle into that good night,(1) occurs several times to emphasize the plea against death the loudspeaker system has toward men in old age and the personification of Glouceste rs son Edgar (Cyr) from William Shakespeares play King Lear.The diction of gentle(1) is an adjective in place of an adverb making the less grammatically correct(Hochman) gentle(1) an surname for his father and involving the affinity shared between the two men through their individual(prenominal) background. The second key phrase, rage, rage against the dying of the light,(3) gives insight towards Thomass following poem, the Elegy, when the detail of the relationship between a young man, Dylan Thomas, and his father.Furthermore, the metaphor of the dying of the light(3) conveys the history of one of Thomass favorite poets, W. B. Yeats and his military machine background within the phrase Black out(Cyr) helps to clarify that death draws near. Within these two lines, the precedent uses words such as gentle and rage, dying and good, and night and light as a opposed term within the diction.Likewise, the alliteration and the consonance of the g in go gentle good(1) and rage, rage a gainst(3) help to signify as the chorus(Overview Do Not Go sweet into that Good darkness) within the remainder of the villanelle. Within the next four tercets, the achievements of four different kinds of men in old age neglected to lessen the gloom within their surroundings. Wise,(4) good,(7) wild,(10) and grave men(13) are metaphors for men who have failed to enlighten the dark world in which they live. (Hochman)Thomas uses the metaphors of at their end,(4) last wave by,(7) too late,(11) and near death(13) to stand as the appearance towards death. The imagery within the villanelle, words had forked no lightning,(5) danced in a green bay,(8) and caught and sang the sun in flight they grieved it on its way(10-11) is that of dark descent towards a more dangerous world of human wildness(Hochman) which is followed by the diction of be gay(14) as a state of lightness(Hochman) to contrast the light and dark imagery. (Overview Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night) Within line fourteen, the consonance of bl in blind blaze,(14) the alliteration of the i well(p) inside blind eyes like,(14) and the assonance of the z sound in eyes blaze like meteors(14) helps to explain the syntax of the tercet.In addition, Thomass purpose of grave men,(13) serious men, who can see only have no vision now understand the capability of possessing a serious and happy liveliness style functions as a paradox for the men are blind(Overview Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night) and cannot see yet have a better understanding than a man with sight and this comprehension of sudden enlightenment continues into the final lines of this intimate villanelle.The last quatrain contains a personal request to a young mans father to show true emotions during the hardship before death comes within the night. Thomas begins the last stanza addressing the audience, his father, which reveals to the reader an obliquely drawn persona(Cyr) of the personal relationship between a sickly father and his caring s on. Following, the author uses on the sad height(16) as a metaphor towards death as well as a paradox to enlighten the medical prognosis of life achievements.Thomass use of the religious overtones(Welford) in on the sad height, curse, bless(16-17) relates to the imagery in the book of Deuteronomy in the Bible for a sad height(16) is sad(Westphal) sense Moses cannot enter the Promised pull down he dies on the summit of Mount Nebo and Joshua, his son,(Westphal) grieves at the loss of a solid rock in his life. (Welford) The imagery, curse, bless, me now with your red tears(17) stands as a specific plea to the audience to give the speaker the blessing of fearful and uncontrollable tears that he had not done prior and to curse(17) those who bequeath be left behind. (Hochman) The devises of the s sound as assonance occurring on line 17, curse, bless fierce tears allows the rhythm of the poem to continue the elaborate patterns throughout the poem. The final quatrain portrays the theme of the villanelle that the grieving of man at the sight of his dying father allows the fear of loss or suffering to change whatsoever perceptions towards death.

Relationship and School Community Essay

Method While keeping in chief Mais method for de margeining up to(p)s, I read the term Care, Concern, and Communication by Susan Pickford. I chose Mais conception beca determination Wilson leaves out champion major method of indexing that could be named user-oriented method (Mai, 2000). The basic thought of user-oriented method is that the indexer needs to hand over the users info needs and terminology in object when determining the subject matter of the document as well as when selecting index hurt for the document.It suggests that the indexer should have knowledge about the users needs to order the subject matter. Mai argues 5 methods in indexing. counterbalance one is a simplistic conception similar to Wilsons (1968) constantly referred to method. This method determines the subject by counting frequencies of occurrences of words in the document so it could be the most objective method. The problem is that in that respect is not necessarily any correlation between occur rences of words in a document and its content. minute of arc method is a document-oriented conception.The basic idea is that the indexer should establish the subject matter solely based on an analysis of the document itself the goal is to represent the document as truthfully as possible and secure the subject representation is valid for a long time. Third method is a content-oriented conception attempts to chance on the content of the document as fully as possible. This conception shows historical and cultural circumstances that determine the subject matter of the documents. Fourth one is a user-oriented conception mentioned in above paragraph. Last one is a requirement-oriented conception.In this method, the indexers have knowledge about the users man-to-man information needs and work tasks. It is exclusively useful in smaller organizations and indexing done by this method, exchangeable a user-oriented conception, changes over time. publication Description The article is abo ut Jane Roland Martins argument for the SchoolHome, an idea of making the school home aside from home. In this system, school children would be taught the three Cs care, concern and communication and thus their teaching method would be inclusive, merging intellectual with the heart.The result the epidemic of violence would be reduced and the house servant inanity in childrens lives filled for unspoiled. Derived Indexing Children of the 90s are a content-oriented concept that describes historical and cultural setting in which the document is produced. Without exploitation Children of the 90s in the subjects of the document one would lose context for the article, so it is essential to include the article for understanding. It is possible to find documents like children commandment influenced by social conditions or changes of 90s. domesticated Vacuum in Childrens Lives is a user-oriented concept that is the installation of the article and would be accessible from this uncout h phrase or variations thereof (e. g. , domestic vacuum, live* vacuum, and child* live* using wildcards for the greatest number of matches for the concept). Schoolhome is essentially a simplistic and document-oriented concept that serves an identifier for the article in the most command way while it does not describe the content of the article. This term would be especially useful in purpose such things as case studies or curriculum drills for Schoolhome.Re pretending Schools for Changing Families is an excellent term that touches slenderly on all of Mais conceptions. While it is the book title of Jane Ronald Martin, in its various wildcard combinations is a mere(a) general term, reflects the articles content, and speaks to the more specialized non-expert and expert subject areas that are brought up with School, Changing, and Families. Transforming American Education is a document-oriented term that helps to focus the search to the overarching concepts that are touched on in Ch ildren of the 90s, house servant Vacuum in Children Lives, Schoolhome, and Rethinking Schools for Changing Families.The document types that American Education points to vary from the basic to the expert, making it a in truth good lynch pin-term. Free Indexing Although the derived terms above do a good dividing line in reflecting the ideas in the article, some additional terms may include Social stage setting for Children Education, which brings in Education and children, but Social Context is a broader, less expert phrase than containing 90s and domestic vacuum terms. Philosophy of Children Education, which gives as sense of the article, but the word Philosophy may not be an obvious children knowledge search term.School and Home in United States, which is akin to schoolhome. Schoolhome would in addition be a good derived term, but this is slightly more nominative than descriptive. Moreover, using United States as an example gives geographical criteria to indexing term. Family Sc hool Relationship expands on Children Education with relationship between Family and School. It also broadens the orbit by detailing what the school reform would be about. School meliorate is a good term that points the search in the direction of planning and results for Transforming American Education.These 5 free- indexed terms would all be in Mais user and requirement areas, since some of the terms might be meaningful to those experts enough to think of using jargon as search terms. Assigned Indexing (ERIC) Educational Change I found that education was a better term over school for reform, but feel that my subject terms School Reform and Rethinking Schools for Changing Families are still appropriate in that they speak to individual schools (as in a study), although in the grand schema of the database it does not help to split hairs.In ERIC, education reform was educational change (as of 1996, although reform is still comm unaccompanied used in society) and the contents regarded limiting of things such as curriculum and teaching methods, which matches the article. Educational Philosophy It is a good match, in that reflects the articles context and themes. Social Environment It means social factors or conditions that influence individuals or groups. It is a broader phrase than Social Context for Children Education. Family School Relationship It has a placeholder for it but no information (i. e. , no related terms, but I take it to be a viable indexing entry).It is also used for school home relationship. School Community Relationship It means formal or unceremonious interactions between an educational institution and the surrounding community, which matches the article. I believe brand names like Domestic Vacuum in Childrens Live, Children of the 90s, Schoolhome, and Rethinking Schools for Changing Families do not have much use in the thesaurus, but the variations of Social Environment, Educational Philosophy, Family School Relationship, and School Communi ty do an excellent job in representing the subject, derived and free terms above.Although I see where my subject analysis was too narrow in some places I am leaving the term as-is (except for education reform for school reform, which is not much of a trade seeing how it is actually change) to show the evolution of the indexing cognitive operation in the assignment and in my mind. To revise my analysis would be like looking in the stake of the textbook to do my homework. 6. 7. Compare, Contrast and Justification When I compared the derived and free indexing terms I selected with the descriptors in the ERIC thesaurus I was surprised by the number of them that were not in the ERIC thesaurus.In a a couple of(prenominal) cases there was a close term, but for most there was nothing. This furthered my understanding of not only how thought-provoking it is to select subjects for indexing, but how much harder it would be when faced with a controlled vocabulary. For the most part only the very narrow generic subjects were listed in the thesaurus, the more descriptive terms were not. In two cases terms I selected actually has a better term in the thesaurus, such as my choice of School Reform compared to the ERIC thesaurus descriptor Educational Change.The thesaurus does a service to the search process by breeding the indexer to be as strategic as possible in boiling down the essential terms or concepts of an article. My derived and free terms were no less accurate than the assigned terms, because author Susan B. Pickford was writing with an auditory sense in mind and used the brand names to illustrate her article. ERIC is invaluable in not only framing the terminology commonly used for subjects, but also gives the searcher context, such as what the on-line(prenominal) term used to be, along with a date of the change.This makes research interesting as an historical concept, and seeing how improvements have been made over the years, it helps to sharpen the indexers ear for the best possible match (e. g. , education in lieu of school, change instead of reform). As author Stephen Nachmanovich wrote, Creativity exists more in the searching than in the finding. However, in being creative as an indexer, you help the searcher in finding things where he wouldnt normally have considered looking.

Employee Motivation at FMC Green River and Other Organizations Essay

Organizational behavior theories are known to differ as to what motivates employees, not because the natural characteristics of all employees are varied across organizations and industries. Rather, the motivational needs of employees differ from organization to organization because assure work situations, ethics and settings, in addition to their interaction with individual personalities, teams, and managements call for different employee needs to be prioritized.Employee motivation is simply referred to as an organizational method to satisfy employees in areas where they feel unsatisfied. Whereas poor health and safety conditions might be the Number One challenge to encounter in Company ABC, it is mathematical that the employees of FMC dark-green River would be more motivated by higher salaries. Moreover, the employees of FMC Green River whitethorn hold a collective opinion that their working conditions are the best in the industry.Hence, the management of FMC Green River would not be as focused on improving health and safety conditions as Company ABC should be. accustomed that job performance is a function of ability and motivation, it is appropriate to inquire into the specific needs of the workers in order to employ the correct mix of employee motivation strategies to boost job performance, company-wide (Employee Motivation, 2007). As an example, the employees of the Piketon Research and prolongation Center and Enterprise Center were asked about the main motivating factors at their particular workplace.According to the search findings, the employees believed themselves to be motivated by the following, in the order of importance a) interesting work, (b) good wages, (c) full grip of work done, (d) job security, (e) good working conditions, (f) promotions and growth in the organization, (g) feeling of being in on things, (h) personal loyalty to employees, (i) tactful discipline, and (j) sympathetic help with personal problems (Lindner, 1998).Contrary to these findings, a peer reviewed aim on employee motivation found that most employees across various organizations believe the following to be the headspring motivators at the workplace enjoyment of the work work/life balance pay satisfaction connexion between pay and performance and adequate staffing levels (Katcher). Thus, it appears essential to increase employee motivation only after inquisitive into the main motivators in a specific organization.Also within a single organization, the blue comprehend workers are expected to be more motivated by an increase in pay, while the washrag collar employees might believe that enjoyment of work is more important. In this case, the organization would have to distribute up its employees in two separate groups to inquire into the particular motivators for the blue collar workers as foreign to the white collar employees.It is best, therefore, for employee motivation strategies to be based on group by group studies, although organiza tions may also apply the rule of generalization. In that event, Company ABC would believe that it could effectively use the motivators of FMC Green Rivers employees to improve the job performance of its own workers.

How convincingly the book creates a sense of social environment in which subject grew up?

wiener McCourt has used the master(prenominal) themes of his autobiography Angelas Ashes convincingly to create a sense of hearty environment he grew up in. Main themes include poverty, pauperized living conditions, poor sanitation and power of the Catholic Church. Alongside the main themes, McCourt uses symbols, memories, vivid descriptions, push throughside and narrative comments and events relating to the main themes. Poverty is the leading cause of pauperized living condition as well as poor sanitation, these lead to the social environment Frank spent his childhood ontogeny up in.The living conditions in the slums of Limerick itself details Franks environment. The McCourt family leaves New York for a new start in Ireland and limit in Limerick during the depression. The Deprsssion symbolize hardship for some(prenominal). Alcohol is a major concern that affects the McCourts. Malachys alcohol problem makes his family suffer. both chance of the basic needs of excerpt is depe ndent on Malachys wages. Are you coming home so that we can have a bit of supper or will it be midnight with no money in your pocket and you singing Kevin Barry and the rest of that sad songs.Angela is asking Malachy if the kids will be fed tonight or will they starve. The fact Malachy drinks way the money convinces us the family have no other means of survival and healthy state of living. Without money we sense and imagine the state they live in. Out in the Atlantic Ocean great sheets of rain gathered to drift slowly up the River Shannon and settle forever in Limerick. The rain dampened the city from the feast and the Circumcicin to New Years Eve. It created a cacophony of hacking coughs, bronchial rattles, asthmatic wheezes, consumptive croaks.It glowering roses into fountains, lungs into bacterial sponges. Franks description of Limericks sums up the environment. Miserable weather creating misery and diseases taking lives of many. McCourts description gives us a visual images tha t somehow convinces us how miserable the conditions argon. Franks relieve oneselfs a job delivering newspaper. One day there is an speck and mayhem erupts. McCaffey and Frank and another boy Eamon argon to rip out page 16 of the hind end O Londons Weekly. Ever single issue in the city no matter what people say.Here the boys are hysteric wholey running around town ripping out the pages on birth throw. McCaffrey shows such determination when the shopkeeper has said they have sold many issues he demands their names that they are in risk of exposure of losing their immortal souls This event convinces us the power of the Catholic Church is and the it impact on society. Birth control in the holiest city was banned. A one page article emphasizes the lengths Catholics go to protecting their religious beliefs. McCaffreys biggest guest Mr. Hutchinson in cursing him for storming into his shop and creating havoc, and McCaffrey replies to him See what happens when youre not a member of t he True Church. Protestants and Catholics fray over religion. People in Franks Community are greatly religious. School masters makes sure you hump everything about Christ. Malachy treats the portrait of the Pope as though it is sacred and valuable. The honor of the Catholic Church is overwhelm and creates a sense of how holy the society is. The fact people followed the rules and were faithful to the Church gives us a sense of how religious the environment was.McCaffrey was prepared to go lengths to protect the faith and beliefs fellow Catholics. Frank has many memories of his childhood. There has been pain, misery and some happy times. The memories of his small house in Roden Lane holds many memories. In winter, downstairs floods, the family are forced to move upstairs. Its like going away on our holiday to a warm foreign place like Italy, Malachy assures the kids. Abandoning downstairs convinces us, the flood is extremely bad. We sense the condition are undesirable and deplorabl e.Convincingly this house creates a sense of social environment, the state of the house simply shows it. symbol of the environment are seen in this book. The lavatory in the McCourts rented home is a communal toilet divided up by 12 families. It symbolizes poor-sanitation and lack of finances. It emphasizes the need for cleaner conditions, the lavatory will kill us all with diseases, Angelas says. In fact it is a concern, their health is at risk of germs that fill the household. Frank is awakened at night by sounds of people emptying their chamber pots suggesting no privacy.People coming in and out. It convinces us how rundown the society is. They can only afford one toilet a lane for 12 families. I can imagine from the lavatory the house is shabby making the society just as bad. We sense poor hygiene creating a sense in our mind of how Frank grew up. McCourt himself said if he were to pick a symbol for my life, and image, it would be that lavatory that all the people emptied the ir buckets into. Franks childhood was about hold up each day and feeding his family, his goal to reach America.He says, the lavatory symbolizes his life struggling to get through each day. Angelas Ashes includes many details used to create a sense of Franks childhood social environment. Throughout the book many descriptions of memorable experiences and sights are used to detail the surrounding he grew up with. This whole book is about dealing with the slums and the dreadful conditions that we strongly sense in our heads. After reading Angelas Ashes you will be left with many visuals McCourt has got you to create and picture in your head that make out his miserable Irish Catholic Childhood.