Capitalism, Modernism and Postmodernism

Capitalism, contemporaneity and PostmodernismEageltons essay, Capitalism, Modernism and Postmodernism, was first published in the New Left Review in 1983 in which his post loss analysis of writings is exposed. He accounts for capitalism influence on art and its lineament. The capitalist and late capitalist areas have seen two new forms of belles-lettres come forth modern and postmodern. The modern, Eagleton explains, In bracketing off the real social world, establishes a critical, negating distance between itself and the ruling social order1, while postmodern works accepts the concomitant that it is a commodity and thus conflicts between its material reality and its aesthetic structure. Capitalism has turned art into a commodity, and after analysing this cl arrive, the characteristics of modern and postmodern genres bequeath be analysed, so as to understand literatures role.Eagleton explains how High modernity was born at a stroke with mass commodity culture.2 Capitalism, a s defined by Marx is the bourgeois doctrine by which they are in possession of the modes of production and manufacture goods, sold for a profit. According to most loss thinkers, including Eagleton, art became one of the goods that the bourgeoisie wants to monopolise, produce and sell. Art has become a commodity, dissolved into social life. Eagleton denounces the effects of late capitalism on art if the artefact is a commodity, the commodity can always be an artefact. Art and life indeed interbreed3. Eagleton points out that that the performative principle, which he redefines as the deliverance of goods, overly applies to the capitalist conception of art. The use of best seller as criteria of advertisement for literature proves that literature has become a mass commodity good.Art and literature have been influenced by some characteristics of late capitalism, such as virtual reality based on mass consumerism. Our society counselinges on commodities sold to and ideologically integr ated by the consumer The commodity is less an image in the sense of a reflection than an image of itself, its entire material being devoted to its witness self-presentation4. Art has become centred on its own image, role and place within society, because it has somehow lost its utopian role of reverberateing the world, as if capitalism has perverted its manoeuvre If the unreality of the artistic image mirrors the unreality of its society as a whole, then it is to say that it mirrors nothing real and so does not rightfully mirror at all.5Modernism and postmodernism are genres that emerged in the capitalist and late capitalist stages. They seem to have a common point to focus on their role and concentrate on self identity. Eagleton uses de Mans deconstructivist theory to define modernism Literature defines and pre-empts its own cultural institutionalisation by textually introjecting it, hugging the very bondage which bind it, discovering its own negative form of transcendence in its power of literally naming, and thus segmentially distancing, its own failure to engage in the real.6 Modernism attempts at representing the real, but cannot do so and raises a paradox it resists commodification7 but is nonetheless part of it, thus part of the social and cultural superstructure of society, which it denies. Denying being part of the capitalist mass commodity is the very core of modern failure to represent the real.Postmodernism appears as a more cynical genre. Some of its features are the blurring of boundaries, potpourri and grotesque. It does not attempt to represent the world, since it is virtual, and would thus fail to describe it. Postmodernism seems to be very different from modernism on the ground that If the work of art really is a commodity, it might as well admit it8 and become aesthetically what it is economically9. Eagleton also suggests that postmodersism aims at parodying the commodity production, without adding any sum in it if meaning was added in the pastiche, making it parody, it would serve to alienate the self from reality, and according to postmodern thought, there is no reality it can be alienated from. All these features aim at empting the social content of art.Eagleton assessed the features of literature genres characteristic of capitalist stages, in order to draw a critical and theoretical approach of literature. He seems to focus on its ideological role, which is, more than its representational value, its only role left. Modernism deconstructs the unified subject of bourgeois humanism, draws upon key negative aspects of the actual experience of such subject in late bourgeois society, which often enough does not at all correspond to the official ideological version.10 Indeed, literature acts as an ideology denouncing ideology. Capitalist ideology professes that mass consumption finally fulfils libidinal desires, when in fact, as modernism exposes, takes us away from our self and reality, from the unified subjecta harmonious societythat late bourgeoisie claims to have reached. Postmodernism, despite not embracing the reality of society, draws upon ideological inconsistencies of the bourgeois discourse, thus rendering itself ideological. It shows the incapacity of complying with the capitalist ideology the subject of late capitalism is neither simply the self-regulating synthetic agent posited by classical humanist ideology, nor merely a decentred vane of desire, but a contrary amalgam of the two.11 The impossibility for the self to comply with all its obligationsfamilial, consumering, workingin the late capitalist society is denounced by postmodernism. It seems that Eagleton places literature at the centre of ideology, as a resistance to bourgeois ideology. De man explains that the bases for historical knowledge are not empirical facts but written texts, even off if these texts masquerade in the guise of wars and revolution12 literature is at the heart of our knowledge, ideologically built, and seems to remain so, decades after the end of ideology was proclaimed.BIBLIOGRAPHYModern Criticism and Theory, a Reader. Ed. D. Lodge. Eagleton, Capitalism, Modernism and Postmodernism. Longman London and New York, 1988.1Footnotes1Modern Criticism and Theory, a Reader. Ed. D. Lodge. Eagleton, Capitalsim, Modernism and Postmodernism. Longman London and New York, 1988. p 392.2 ibidem3 Ibid. p386-387.4 Ibid. p.387.5 Ibid.6 Ibid. p.391.7 Ibid. p.392.8 Ibid.9 Ibid. p.393.10 Ibid. p.395.11 Ibid. p.396.12 Ibid. p.390.

DNA Transformation in Bacteria

desoxyribonucleic acid Transformation in Bacteria1.0 Introduction and ObjectivesThe efficacy of bacteria to turn back deoxyribonucleic acid from external sources is the primary reason for their survival and proliferation. Bacteria can take DNA from their surroundings or from opposite bacterial cells by cell wall-transfer. While an interesting phenomenon to examine for scientists, practically it is of great c at a timern for the human race and a source of constant challenge for the pharmaceutic Industry. The skill of bacteria to modify their patrimonial information has given rise to problems such as antibiotic resistance wherein bacteria become resistant to medications that were once effective in eliminating them. In this try out, we examine the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Circular DNA called plasmids be introduced in bacteria whose cells have been modified to promote uptake of plasmid DNA. This plasmid DNA forget give rise to antibiotic resistance in the bacteria, which can be observed by allowing the bacteria to proliferate in an milieu containing the antibiotic.Modification of genetic information in bacteria may be a source of concern, but that ability in the hands of humans has al ways been coveted. Genetic engineering is an increasingly popular research area given the breakthroughs made in recent eld and the potential for commercial application. Various applications require large quantities of specific DNA sequences and this is where the bacterial ability to uptake DNA and cast it is beneficial. Introducing plasmids containing desired sequences into bacteria, allowing bacteria to reproduce and thus isolating the required DNA is a common method employ to obtain large quantities of particular DNA sequences. This aspect is also explored in this experiment.1.1 ObjectivesThe objectives of this experiment are toa) Observe and examine the phenomenon of DNA Transformation.b) Observe the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria through the process of gene mutation.c) enlighten proper unfruitful Technique for laboratory procedures involving bacterial strains.2.0 PrinciplesThis section explores the underlying concept behind the experiment.Genetic Transformation is a process of flat gene transfer whereby DNA from the environment is interpreted up by a host cell. In this experiment bacterial cells are transformed. Escherichia Coli bacteria, which are generally non pathogenic are used in this experiment. The plasmids which constitute the external DNA contain a gene that makes the cell ampicillin resistant. Ampicillin is a bacteriostatic and will normally prevent the reproduction of E. Coli bacteria. This provides us with an easy way to test if gene renewal has occurred and to what extent by means of calculating the transformation qualification.The entrance of genetic material within the bacterial cell is do by the process of electroporation. Electroporation involves applying an electrical volt age across the bacterial cells containing the plasmids. The ionic concentration of the DNA is kept low to prevent arcing. When the voltage is applied, holes open up in the walls of the bacteria. The plasmids can then enter the bacterial cells through these holes. Application of the voltage is done for a very short period of time. As soon as electric current stops flowing, the holes in the cell wall begin to close. A nutrient rich medium is then added to the bacterial cells, some of which will have transformed, to aid cell recovery.Incubation is then carried out, after which the cell relief is diluted further and applied to agar plates containing the antibiotic. The cells are left to incubate for up to 24 hours and then the number of colonies determined. Calculating the transformation efficiency gives us a method to determine the extent to which the transformation occurred.3.0 Methods and Materials3.1 MaterialsThe equipment and materials required for this experiment are outlined in this section.Equipment RequiredA shaking incubator operating(a) at 37CA non-shaking incubatorAn electroporatorMaterials RequiredCells treated for competency2 agar plates with ampicillin with a concentration of 100 g/mlpUC-19 plasmids0.1 cm cuvettesIce in an ice-boxDeionised ultrapure waterS.O.C. medium at room temperature2 tubes with snap caps with a volume of 15 ml3.2 Sterile TechniqueSterile Technique is a must when handling pathogenic strains of bacteria. In this experiment, nonpathogenic bacterial strains are employed. However, using sterile technique is still healthy experimental procedure and promotes safety.Using sterile technique prevents errors in experimental results by preventing contamination from the surroundings. It also prevents contamination of the surrounding environment by the bacterial strain. Steps employed to prevent contamination includedCarrying out the experiment in an uncluttered area.Utilizing a fume hood to perform all procedures involving the bacteria. l aundry hands both before as well as after the experimentDisposing off all bacterial waste in the appropriate container for bio-hazardous materials.3.3 role3.3.1 Preparation for ElectroporationThe 0.1 cm cuvettes were cooled on ice.The electroporator was prepared based on prescribed settings.In order to bring the S.O.C. medium to room temperature, it was removed from the ice box.The cells and plasmids were allowed to disband in the ice-box.Plates were heated at 37C to prepare for the incubation process.3.3.2 ProceduresI l of pUC19 manoeuver DNA and 1 l of ultrapure water were added to 2 separate microcentrifuge tubes with the aid of a pipette. The tube was then placed in the ice-box.25 l of effective cells were added to each of the microcentrifuge tubes. The contents of the tubes were gently mixed. Care was taken to avoid usage of the pipette for mixing. The tubes were then transcended to the ice-box for 1 minute.The contents of each microcentrifuge tube were transferred to a cu vette using a pipette. It was ensured that the cells made contact with the cuvette walls and that no air-bubbles were present. This timber was done rapidly to prevent heating up of the cells.The cuvettes were then electroporated.250 l of S.O.C. medium was added to the cells immediately after electroporation.Each of the two suspensions was transferred to a 15 ml tube. The shaking incubator was then set to 225rpm and used to incubate the cells for an hour to allow expression of the acquired antibiotic resistance.10 l of the transformed taste was then added to 90 l of S.O.C. medium.The plates containing the ampicillin were then used. 20 l of each of the two diluted samples from step 7 was added to a plate. Even spreading of the sample on the agar medium was ensured.Using the non-shaking incubator, the plates were incubated at 37 C for a day and the results recorded.4.0 Results and Discussion4.1 Results Answers to Questions(1) Schematic of observations of the agar platesFigure 1 Resu lts as Indicated by the Agar Plates(2) Count the colonies and calculate the transformation efficiency.Number of colonies observed = 13Figure 2 Calculation of Transformation EfficiencyUsing the chemical formula shown in figure 2,Transformation efficiency = 1.78 1010 transformants/g plasmid DNA4.2 Discussion Answers to Questions(1) Define the vocabulary used in this experiment transformation, electroporation, host, plasmid, and competent.-TransformationTransformation is a process of horizontal gene transfer whereby DNA present in the environment of a cell is taken up by the cell. In this experiment the transformation involves the uptake of a plasmid containing a marker that results in ampicillin resistance by E. Coli bacteria through electroporation.-ElectroporationElectroporation involves subjecting cells to an electric voltage to piss holes in the cell wall. External material can then enter the cell through these holes. Natural processes then cause the hole to close and return t he cell to its archetype state.-HostAn organism that harbours a parasite is called a host.-PlasmidA plasmid is circular unembellished-chromosomal DNA.-CompetentA competent cell is one which can assign DNA present in its external environment. Competence can either be natural or artificial.(2) State why E. coli is used in galore(postnominal) genetic engineering experiments.The popularity of Escherichia Coli for genetic experiments is due to various reasons. Firstly, most E. Coli strains are non-pathogenic and pose no harm to humans. Safety is a significant factor in the laboratory and E. Coli use is generally safe. Secondly, E. Coli wax easily and can be duplicated through metagenics. Thirdly, their genetic make-up is relatively simple and can be manipulated with ease. fourthly they have been extensively studied and a lot is known about them. This makes it easier for researchers and they thitherfore prefer to use E. Coli for genetic engineering experiments.(3) Explain why compete nt cells, ampicillin, and S.O.C. medium were used for the transformation.Competent cells are obligatory as transformation involves taking external genetic material into the cell. If cells are not competent this cannot gamble and the experiment cannot be carried out successfully.Ampicillin is an antibiotic. Specifically, it is a bacteriostatic for E. Coli. It helps distinguish between bacteria that have taken up the plasmid and those that have not. This is because the plasmid contains a marker that causes ampicillin resistance. E. Coli cells do not naturally contain the genetic sequence that causes ampicillin resistance. Thus, ampicillin choice is possible to distinguish between transformed cells and untransformed cells.S.O.C. medium contains the nutrients required to help cells stabilise after electroporation. Electroporation introduces holes into the cell wall of the cell and therefore causes destabilisation of the cell. S.O.C medium contains yeast extract and other nutrient sou rces that help the cell recover. Once the cell has recovered and if the plasmid has entered the cell during electroporation, the cell will multiply and give rise to a addiction during the incubation period.(4) Explain the purpose of the controls in this experiment.The control in this experiment constitutes bacteria without the plasmid that inculcates antibiotic resistance. Without this extra piece of genetic information to alter the bacteria to mount defences against the attack of the antibiotic, ampicillin is this case, the bacterial cells will be unable to multiply in a medium that contains the antibiotic. The cells that were treated such that they could incorporate the plasmid DNA into their genetic make-up will be able to multiply in a medium where ampicillin is present as prospicient as there are enough nutrients available for growth. Thus, the control helps us show that the DNA plasmid was indeed taken up and incorporated into their genetic make-up by the bacteria. The only way for E. coli to have survived with ampicillin present is if they had taken up the plasmid and transmitted it to all generations when they reproduced after uptake of the plasmid. Hence, the control serves to confirm uptake of the plasmid as well as its transmission to following generations by comparing it to cells in the control that did not have the extra DNA.(5) Explain how the dependance growth relates to gene transformation.A dependency of bacteria stems from the binary fission of one single bacterial cell. When bacteria reproduce perpendicular genetic transfer occurs whereby the offspring has the exact copy of the genetic material of the parent.In this experiment, bacteria are introduced into a medium containing the antibiotic ampicillin. E. Coli bacteria with their original genetic make-up will be unable to reproduce due to the presence of the antibiotic as they do not have the means necessary to resist antibiotic attack. This is what is expected in the control sample as ampicillin is a bacteriostatic.. The positive sample on the other hand has bacteria which have undergone horizontal gene transfer by transformation. The plasmid DNA that was used for the transformation process contains genetic code that results in E.Coli developing ampicillin resistance. Thus, bacteria that can incorporate this plasmid and pass it on to their offspring by vertical gene transfer can grow in the environment. This is how colony growth relates to gene transformation.(6) Describe how ionic strength of DNA solution affects electroporation.The ionic strength of DNA solution comes into play due to the electroporation stage where holes are created in the bacterial cell wall to allow uptake of the plasmid by transmission of an electric voltage. For this step, the ionic strength of the solution must be low. If the ionic strength is high, arcing will occur. Arcing is visible during the experiment by sparks and a sound like a micro-scale thunderclap. It can cause cell death as w ell as equipment damage. Thus, for the experiment to be carried out successfully and to safeguard the apparatus, the DNA solution must be of low ionic strength.(7) If your transformation efficiency is lower than 1 109 cfu/g, conjecture and explain potential reasons for the low efficiency.The transformation efficiency is greater than the benchmark stated above. This corresponds to good transformation efficiency and indicates a successful transformation process. However, the close clustering of the colonies makes it possible that some of the colonies are satellite colonies rather than transformed colonies. The experiment could be repeated with a higher(prenominal) concentration of ampicillin to obtain more reliable results.(8) Discuss current and potential applications of gene transformation techniques in biotechnology.Gene transformation techniques play a crucial role in biotechnology. This is because gene transformation provides a method to produce copies of desired DNA sequences. This is especially useful in the pharmaceutical fabrication to develop medications that are target specific. Also, this could potentially lead the way to genetic engineering, where defects to the genetic code could be repaired and desired traits inserted through addition of the corresponding DNA sequences. Gene replacement therapy could prove to be the cure for nearly all diseases that take human lives contemporarily. In the future gene transformation could be used to engineer human beings and other animals and plants according to desired specifications.Genetic transformation is also used in the development of pest-resistant crops, which could potentially increase the productivity of the land. This could be key to feed the ever-growing population as the quantity of agricultural land decreases.Understanding the evolution of drug resistance could help us devise ways of preventing drug resistance as well as developing drugs that can overcome resistance. In this arena gene transformati on plays an important role horizontal genetic transfer is a natural process in bacteria.4.3 Sources of Error and Suggestions for ImprovementThere are a few sources of error that could result in incorrect conclusion being drawn from experimental results.(i) The number of colonies seen need not correspond to the bacteria that transformed. This could be due to the growth of satellite colonies. bighearted bacterial colonies will secrete beta lactamase, which is what causes ampicillin resistance. Thus, the area around the colony will contain this secretion and be ampicillin-free. A satellite colony could grow in this area from untransformed cells.To avoid this problem, the incubation period should strictly be restricted to 24 hours. Satellite colonies emerge after a delay. By ensuring that results arr recorded promptly, the interference in results brought about by satellite colonies can be minimised. Another method is to use a higher concentration of ampicillin. to a greater extent time will be required to create a antibiotic-free zone around a colony if the concentration of antibiotic is high.(ii) Identifying the number of colonies can be difficult, especially if the size of the colony is miniscule. This could result in an incorrect calculation of transformation efficiency.In order to increase accuracy of results, a different selection marker can be used. Some selection markers have properties that can be distinguished by shining UV light and other such techniques which result in a high contrast. Using these markers may result in higher reliableness of results.(iii) Distinguishing between colonies can be difficult if they grow close to one another and appear to be one large colony. Also, closer colonies would also result in a higher chance of there being satellite colonies.To minimise this problem, crowding on the plate must be minimised. For that, a higher concentration of ampicillin could be used, carbenicillin selection could be used instead of ampicillin sele ction (although expensive) or the nutrient dilution could be adjusted such that it discourages very rapid proliferation.5.0 ConclusionsThe objectives of this experiment were to explore the phenomenon of gene transformation and the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria as well as to inculcate the practice of sterile technique for handling bacteria. Gene transformation was observed with the development of ampicillin resistance in transformed Escherichia Coli bacteria. The bacteria not exposed to the plasmids containing the genes for antibiotic resistance did not grow in an environment containing the antibiotic while the transformed bacteria formed colonies in the same environment. A calculation of transformation efficiency returned a value of 1.78 1010 transformants/g of plasmid DNA, which is greater than the threshold of 109, indicative of a successful experiment. However, the possibility of some of the 13 colonies of bacteria being satellite colonies as opposed to transf ormed colonies reduces the reliability of the results. Methods to increase reliability of results were therefore suggested.References1. Port, Tami. (2008, June 14). Bacteria Horizontal Gene Transfer. suite101.com. Retrieved 3rd April, 2010 from http//bacteriology.suite101.com/article.cfm/bacteria_horizontal_gene_transfer2. Metzenberg, Stan. (2002). Bacterial Plasmids. California State University Northridge Department of Biology. Retrieved 4th April, 2010 from http//escience.ws/b572/L2/L2.htm

The Changing Business Environment Of Samsung Marketing Essay

The Changing Business Environment Of Samsung grocery storeing EssayThis is summary for Changing Business Environment of Samsung everyplace last Five Year which entrust give an idea about why it is important for any Trading or Manufacturing organization to understand the business environment (Macro Micro) i.e. to sustain and grow over long term with the help of developing different st evaluategies.This report briefly shows the history of Samsung which identify its nature diversity of business over last some years. This report include usage of ( bone, PESTEL, BOSTON BOX MATRIX Analysis etc) to evaluate and understand the ever-changing environment of Samsung justifying benefits of using such Analysis tools.In evidence couple of graphs has been presented to show companies instruction execution in globular market. It shows the sales figure/Financial statement for the past FIVE years which helps in intellectual how company is performing in different regions/countries. This report comprises of conclusions based on findings and too in general recommendations for the topic.IntroductionSamsung has grown to one of largest electronics company since 1938. Since mid-seventies and early 1980s Samsung expanded globally with diversified intention into core technical business. Samsung leads the electronic industry with its high performance and with high growth rate along with stability.2009Global Market Sh atomic number 18 of 13 Percentage of different products available in market. Examples - Mobile Phones, Monitors, Semiconductor.1970First Black White (Model P-3202) production started Samsung-Sanyo Electronics.1969SAMSUNG-Sanyo Electronics naturalised (renamed SAMSUNG Electro-Mechanics in March 1975 and merged with SAMSUNG Electronics in March 1977)1951SAMSUNG Moolsan established (now SAMSUNG Corporation)1938SAMSUNG was founded in, Korea (Taegu)Company SamsungGlobal Market sh atomic number 18 is basis of sales is as followsTV Market Share is 21.9%Laser Printer Sh are is 13.7%Mobile Phone Share is 16.7%DRAM Share is 30.1%TFT-LCD Panel Share is 25.7%In the above graphical intro we can see the performance of Samsung in various sectors of Electronics and Telecommunication. If we compare this performance to other companies Samsung emerges as world leader in at least 3 sectors which are TV, DRAM TFT-LCD. This clearly shows us the dominance of Samsung in market and this is mainly due to its transparent policies, positive approach and honest efforts in creation a global leader. This performance info is taken from Samsungs sustainability report for 2009 from Samsung official website.Unit KRW trillionSales20062007200820092010Korea19.321.123.624.2N.AAmerica18.019.625.426.0N.AEurope22.027.034.234.0N.AAsia14.815.719.223.2N.AChina11.815.118.920.0N.AThe above data shows the sales performance for the past 3 years in regions across the globe. We can clearly see that Samsung as a company is growing locally and globally Korea being its local market. This consistent growth of the company is mainly due to its marketing strategies which are paying off well. More details on Samsungs operations, marketing, product line etc can be found on http//www.samsung.com/uk/aboutsamsung/citizenship/oursustainabilityreports.htmlhttp//www.ameinfo.com/178504.htmlThe business environment keeps on changing and is unpredictable. So, it is very necessary to understand and react to this changing business so as to survive and grow in the market.Proper knowledge of business environment will make the entrepreneurs and businesses able enough to plan and carry through strategies that are needed to identify the scope of improvement, create and exploit opportunities that come on the way, retain stability, gain competitive advantage and prepare appropriately for the coming(prenominal) challenges. The way the environment is analyzed and accordingly the strategies implemented, will define the track of the business. present With the example of samsung.The data coll ected will be analysed using SWOT. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. SWOT epitome, is a strategic business planning tool used to determine the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that exists in business. It includes identifying the business documentarys as well as the inwrought and external factors which are likely to favour the business. It may be classified intoInternal factors strengths and weaknesses that are within (internal) organization.External factors opportunities and threats of external environment.The internal factors can be classified into strengths and weaknesses depending upon their publication on organization and business objectives.The factors may include all of the 4Ps as well as personnel, finance, manufacturing capabilities, and so on. The external factors may include macro-economic factors like expert , legal,and socio-cultural transports, as well as changes in the marketplace or competitive scene.According to B Kyle SWOT can be identified as internal and external in relation to environment.Strengths It usually tells about the positives of the company. How well we are doing in our ambit of interest. What is our position in front of competitor?Weaknesses Weakness refers to area of struggle of our company. Why are consumers not happy about particular product? Why are we not meeting sales target for a particular product.Opportunities It is directly related to external environment. It could be the areas where your competitor is not good at. We should try to utilize strengths in areas of our weaknesses. Are there any rising trends or possibility to capture market by introducing new product?Threats It could be financial or development problem. Competitors strength is study threat. Are competitors fit strong.Description.Strategic business toolsSWOT analysis for SamsungStrengthsStrong hold in Consumer ElectronicsLow margin strategy increases salesHighly skilled labour handiness locally globallyGood focus on customer service and good marketing strategyStrong management and loyal employeesWeaknessesLack of performance in Laser printer salesLess cost effective in PC consumable products.Lack of brand recognition in prompt phone sector.Poor pricing strategyLack of usage of infrastructure in some part of world e.g. ChinaOpportunitiesCan unseat major stake holders in TV and DRAM sectorsIncrease product range in consumer electronicsCan sustain future market using the idea of consumer gustation researchRapid growth in competitive markets across the globeIncrease in portfolio due to acquisitions of other firmsThreatsFaces high competition from Sony and Nokia in mobile phone sector.Daily entrants of new technology companiesImpact on sales due to recessionLack of innovation in mobile industry threatens its position further down.Intense competition from existing companies in PC sector.The above information which helps in doing the SWOT analysis and other graphical presentat ion helps to upshot our objective questions mostly. Although it might not provide direct answer but clarifies strategies and benefits of organisation doing global and domestic business. It clearly reveals the benefits of proper marketing in terms of sales numbers.PESTEL AnalysisPESTEL analysis is one of the most important tool of business strategic management which helps in identifying the surroundings within which the company operates. It gives a clear idea about the threats, risks and opportunities that occur in the market. It helps in understanding the needs of market, its fluctuations, whether the market is progressing upwards or downwards (i.e. growth decline ratios) and thereof makes the businesses able to develop strategies accordingly.PESTEL is used as decision making tools in macro-environment. PESTEL is Classified into -political factorsEconomic factorsSocial factorsTechnological factorsEnvironmental factorsLegal factorsPolitical factors - Its all about intervenes of th e government on the economy of the country. Political factors include areas likeTax policyLabour impartialityEnvironmental law plenty restrictionTariffsPolitical stabilityServices and goods provide by the government ( merit goods ) and services which is not provided by the government ( demerit goods )Goodwill among orthogonal nationsEconomic factors - It includesInterest ratesEconomic growthRate of inflation (Inflation rate)Rate of Exchange (Exchange rate)For example -Cost of capital is directly bear upon by interest rateExporting goods and supply of goods is affected by exchange rateInflation raises cost.Social factors - Demand of products and company operations are affected by social factors likeCulture of the societyNatality rateGrowth rateAge distributionTechnological factors It includesResearch and development activity.mechanisationBetter technology for the production of goodsTechnological have direct impact on costs, calibre which leads to innovation.Environmental factors It includes-WeatherClimate changeLocality (Place)Ecofriendly products (to scale with problem of global warming)e.g Effect of temperature on farming and tourism.6. Legal Factors It include Consumer lawEmployment lawHealth and safety lawDiscrimination lawe.g Minimum wages system in U.K is legal factor that affect business.Minimum age for employment is fixed by the government.Pestle analysis For Samsungcapital of Massachusetts Box matrixreviveConclusions RecommendationsWe have analysed and gathered data from Samsung Company in relation to our topic global versus domestic marketing a exact analysis. The conclusions drawn using company data alone cannot summarize our findings. However there are similarities in few points. If we look at the organisation plane section we can see how Samsung has come a long way to be recognised as a global brand. It shows that achieving such position in global market is very hard. Not only achieving but it becomes increasingly important to sustain th at growth due to fierce competition. It shows how companies have to adjust or change their policies from time to time keeping in mind rising and falling economy. In general it alerts companies of being more innovative cautious of environmental changes. It also emphasis on limitations one has to face as the behaviour and taste of consumer changes geographically.RecommendationsCompanies should develop marketing strategies keeping in mind its strengths, weaknesses and availability of resources to be globally successful.Companies should try to develop product which global consumer can identify easily from competitors one.Identify a sector where we can see growth and sustain competition.Companies should cite special taskforce or focused group people to identify the drawbacks of non performing sector and find solutions to that.To be successful organisations should concentrate mainly on quality and pricing structure.Be in constant touch with customer by means of advertising, press release s and make them aware about product specifications and changes if there are any.Try to use both forms of communication verbal and non verbal.SummaryFrom this report on global marketing versus domestic marketing we understand that main objective of any company doing global marketing is to find opportunities. It mainly expands companys reach to global customers. This mainly depends on how the company analyses its strengths and opportunities, optimum usage of resources and approach towards business. Here in this report we saw how Samsung as a global company has wide range of products and constantly keeps on adding them to sustain market place. SWOT analysis helped us to understand about positives and negatives of the company. Important outcome of the report about marketing can be converted in one slogan animadvert globally and act locally.

Is Ritalin Good Essay -- essays research papers fc

Is Ritalin Good?     Have you ever suffered or known anyone that has suffered from attention famine disorder? A.D.D. is a biologically based condition cause a persistent pattern of difficulties, which includes three types of behavior. These three types be difficultness attending or focusing on a specific task, difficulty inhibiting behavior, and difficulty controlling impulses. In 1950 the prescription drug Ritalin was patented and manufactured by the CIBA-Geigy Corporation. This drug stimulates the central nervous system, with effect similar to but little potent than amphetamines and more potent than caffeine (Bailey 1). Several million children are being treated with Ritalin on the grounds that they have attention deficit disorder and are suffering from there inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. In the past decade, there has been growing evidence that Ritalin has had negative effects on a childs mind and behavior leading to such disorders like psyc hosis, mania, drug abuse, and addiction. It suppresses creative and spontaneous activity making them more docile and submissive because of the way that Ritalin produces malfunctions in their brain rather than improving its function (Breggin 124). Prescribing Ritalin to children with diagnosed attention deficit disorder brings more negative side effects than solutions and leads to addiction.     Most mentions realize that their children have the disorder once the child starts attending school. Most of the time teachers are the ones who point out the childs symptoms. The parent then takes the child to a social worker, psychologist, or psychiatrist for answers. The American Psychiatric Association lists fourteen signs, of which at least eight must be present for a child to be officially classified as ADD.(Passwater 1) Out of these fourteen signs are normal actions of children. Some of these signs include fidgeting with hands or feet, easily distracted by extraneou s stimuli, having difficulty following instructions and blurting out answers before questions are completed. (Passwater 2) It would seem by these signs that when a child doesnt seem to be adapting to our system, we label them as having ADD and prescribe them Ritalin. With the new increase in prescriptions being filled around country, more and more children are on Ritalin, so much that the nega... ...f any kind. Works CitedBailey J. William. FACTLINE on Non-Medical Use of Ritalin. IndianaPrevention Resource Center November 1995 1-6. Indiana University.Online. 22 March 2001.http//www.drugs.indiana.edu/pubs/factline/ritalin.htmlBreggin K. Peter. talking Back to Ritalin. Maine Common Courage Press, 1998.Hanchett, Doug. Speed Chills Ritalin hits campuses College kidsUsing drug to study, party. Boston Herald May 21, 2000 1-4. Local and Regional. Online. 22 March 2001.http//www.bostonherald.com/ intelligence agency/local_regional/rita05212000.htmPasswater A. Richard. Ritalin Warnings Side Effects, Cautions,Alternatives for ADD, ADHD Ritalin Alternative 1999 1-13. "All About Pycnogenol" Avery Publishing Group. Online. 23 March 2001.http//www.ritalinalternative.com/index2.htmlRitalin Led To Boys Death. The Associated Press April 18, 2000 1-3.Channel 25 Eyewitness News. Online. 24 March 2001.http//www.thewpbfchannel.com/sh/health/stories/health-20000418-163859.htmlWen, Patricia. As Easy To Get As Candy. The Boston Globe Oct 29, 20001-13. Conservative News Forum. Online. 20 March 2001.http//www.freerepublic.com/ forum/a39fca5b129fd.htm

The Flea - John Donne :: essays research papers

John Donne and an Analysisof "The Flea"     John Donne was born on Bread Street, London, in 1572. His family was very adequate but they were Roman Catholic, not the best group to be a part of at his time, in England. He studied three years at the University of Oxford and three years at Cambridge. He never got a degree because he refused to take the oath of supremacy at graduation time. He thence studied law and was on his way to be a diplomat. He wrote a book of poems, Satires, afterwards his brother died of fever in prison after offering sanctuary to a proscribed catholic priest. He then wrote a series of mania poems in Songs and Sonnets. In 1596, he joined a naval campaign against Spain and when he came back, 2 years later, he became secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton. Just as he started doing well, he secretly married Egertons niece, Anne More, and when discovered, he was thrown in jail along with the two friends who had helped in his secret relationsh ip. Annes family helped them and a few years later, Donne reconciliated with Sir Thomas and was finally given the dowry he was owed. He lived the next few years as a lawyer and lived a poor existence. He then wrote two anti-Catholic poems that got him the kings favor and started working Sir Robert Drury of Hawstead, who gave him an appartment in his castle for writing a beautiful eulogy for his 15 year old daughter. Donne and his wife had 12 children, 7 of which survived and in 1617, Anne died at age 33, time giving birth to a stillborn child. He wrote the Holy Sonnets. He was made vicar in 1625 but suffered from severe infections of the mouth which caused his death in 1931. He wouldve become a bishop in 1930. Before his death, he preached his own funeral sermon, Deaths Duel. His last piece was The Hymn to God, my God, in my sicknesse. Donne is a very witty poet. In The Flea, handle in many other poems, he tries to convince a young woman to sleep with him. He compares giving up he r virginity her virginity to the size of a flea go show how "unimportant" it is. "It suckd me first and now sucks thee" is used in the first stanza to argue that because their bloods are mixed inside the flea, they are married and therefore, making love would not be a sin.

The Rosetta Stone Essay -- Hieroglyphs Egyptian Writing System Essays

The Rosetta Stone In 1799, when Napoleons army was dismantling a wall in Rashid, Egypt, they discovered the Rosetta Stone. brusk did they know that this 11-inch thick piece of rock would be one of the greatest discoveries in history It contained Egyptian scripture, with Greek also on the stone. This was used to trace the once lost Egyptian committal to writing system. Before the 1800s, attempts at trying to uncover the secrets held by the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics found on walls inside legion(predicate) tombs were useless. The pictures were falsely believed to be symbolic, representing some sort of object or idea. Something soon changed all of this misconception. 1799 was the year of a great breakthrough in Egyptology. French troops, downstairs Napoleons command, were destroying a wall when they found a black, basalt stone. The stone was inscribed with three different operates of writing Egyptian hieroglyphics, a shorthand form of hieroglyphs, and Greek written in 196 BC. The Rosetta Stone then became instrumental in decrypting the long forgotten Egyptian writing system. The stone was first discovered nearly Rosetta, Egypt, by one of Napoleons soldiers, named variously as Bouchard, during his expedition to Egypt in August of 1799. In no time, this discovery was mentioned to all the top scholars who were immensely interested since in that location was no way to decode the hieroglyphs. In 1802, Johan David Akerblad was the first to break ground in identifying the first demotic symbols. He identified a few of the appropriate names in the demotic text, after comparing them with the same names found in the Greek text. (Ogg 78) Next on the scene was Thomas Young, an side of meat physicist, who took an interest to the deciphering the Rosetta Stone as well. After much researching, Young was able to prove that the proper names in the hieroglyphics section of the stone did in point have phonetic value, and were not made up of symbols. He then introduced t he idea of the proper names being written with ovals around them, known as cartouches. In reality, the hieroglyphs only contained six. Of the phonetic values that he assigned to hieroglyphs, five were correct (p, t, i, n, and f). (Budge 54) In 1814, he revealed the way in which the hieroglyphic signs were to be articulate by studying the direction in which the birds and other animals were all facing. He also was able to correctly identify some single-consonant... ...y death due to a stroke. The whereabouts of the Rosetta Stone today is the British Museum, in London. Without this old, black, basalt rock, we may never have deciphered the ancient egyptian scriptures. Still, there are many other writing systems of numerous lost civilizations that have yet to be deciphered. Until then, we can only make well thought inferences, and educated guesses until the next Rosetta Stone is unearthed. Works Cited 1. Budge, Sir E.A. Wallis. Egyptian Language- Easy Lessons in Egyptian Hieroglyphs. N ew York Dover Publications Inc., 1991. 2. Ogg, Oscar. The 26 Letters. New York Thomas C. Crowell Company, 1962. 3. Claiborne, Robert. The Birth of Writing. New York Time Inc., 1974. 4. Andrews, Carol. The British Museum Book of The Rosetta Stone. New York cock Bedrick Books, 1985. 5. Giblin, James Cross. The Riddle of the Rosetta Stone - Key to Ancient Egypt. New York Harper & Row Publishers,1990. 6. Frimmer, Steven. The Stone That Spoke- and other clues to the decipherment of lost languages. Toronto, Canada Longmans Canada Limited, 1969. 7. Jean, Georges. Writing- The Story of Alphabets and Scripts. New York call forth N. Abrams, Inc., 1992.

Analysis of The Birth Mark Essay examples -- The Birth Mark Essays

In The Birthmark the relationships and behaviors of the character reveal such(prenominal) more than the level itself does. The characters of Aylmer, Georgian, Amenidab and personality itself, through their words, actions, and behaviors give insight into a much more meaningful study. A deeper analysis of the characters reveals that they atomic number 18 archetypes, and as archetypes they provide a deeper hidden meaning to the story. By looking at Aylmer, Georgiana, Amenidab and Natures relationships and actions throughout the story we can see how they are used to give deeper significance.The character of Aylmer can be seen as a sinister, mad scientist who constantly fights with character in hostelry to attain human perfection. From the beginning of the story Aylmers fight with nature can be seen. We know not whether Aylmer possessed this degree of faith in mans ultimate control over nature. He had devoted himself, however, too unreservedly to scientific studies ever to be weakened from them by whatsoever second passion (Hawthorne 218). This shows Aylmers passion in trying to discover the secrets of nature and being able to master it. Aylmers obsession with perfection and defying nature can be seen again when he is discussing the mark on Georgianas cheek. No, dearest Georgiana, you came so nearly perfect from the hand of Nature, that this slightest possible defect, which we hesitate whether to consideration a defect or a beauty, shocks me, as being the visible mark of earthly imperfection (Hawthorne 219). This shows Aylmer is not trying to remove the mark as an act of love, but instead trying to remove the mark because it symbolizes a stain of imperfection by nature. Aylmer is obsessed in his efforts to remove the mark and his motivations are not to make Ge... ...eard again Thus ever does the gross fatality of earth exult in its invariable triumph over the immortal sum of money which, in this dim sphere of half-development, demands the compl eteness of a higher state (Hawthorne 231). This laughter appears to come from no one in the room but rather Nature itself. Nature is laughing at Aylmer in his attempt to try and overpower it and create his own form of perfection. Since the hand on Georgianas face is viewed as Natures touch on her, it is not difficult to view Nature as an actual character in the story. After a deeper analysis of the characters in the story The Birthmark it is easy to see there are multiple hidden meanings throughout. The characteristics and actions of Aylmer, Georgiana, Amenidab and Nature help us to see deeper into the characters and see their true motivations and meanings in the story.